Exercise (11.1)
1. Construct an angle of $\mathbf{90}{}^\circ $ at the initial point of a given ray and justify the construction.
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of\[90{}^\circ \].
(i) Take the given ray $PQ$. Draw an arc of some radius taking point $P$ as its centre, which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
(ii) Taking $R$ as a centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at $S$.
(iii) Taking $S$ as a centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the arc at $T$(see figure).
(iv) Taking $S$ and $T$ as the centre, draw an arc of the same radius to intersect each other at $U$.
(v) Join $PU$, which is the required ray making \[90{}^\circ \] with the given ray $PQ$.
Justification
We can justify the construction, if we can prove \[\angle UPQ=90{}^\circ .\] For this, join \[~PS\] and \[PT.\]
We have, $\angle SPQ=\angle TPS=60{}^\circ .$In (iii) and (iv) steps of this
construction, $PU$was drawn as the bisector of $\angle TPS.$
$\angle UPS=\frac{1}{2}\angle TPS$
$=\frac{1}{2}\times {{60}^{o}}$
$={{30}^{o}} $
Also,
$\angle UPQ=\angle SPQ+\angle UPS $
$={{60}^{o}}+{{30}^{o}} $
$={{90}^{o}} $
2. Construct an angle of $\mathbf{45}{}^\circ $at the initial point of a given ray and justify the construction.
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of $45{}^\circ $.
Take the given ray $PQ$. Draw an arc of some radius taking point $P$as its centre, which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at $S$.
Taking $S$ as a centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the arc at $T$ (see figure).
Taking $S$ and $T$ as the centre, draw an arc of the same radius to intersect each other at $U$.
Join $PU$. Let it intersect the arc at point $V$.
From $R$ and $V$, draw arcs with radius more than $RV$to intersect each other at $W$. Join $PW$. $PW$ is the required ray making $45{}^\circ $with $PQ.$
Justification of Construction:
We can justify the construction if we can prove ∠WPQ = 45°. For this, join PS and PT.
We have,$\angle SPQ=\angle TPS=60{}^\circ $. In (iii) and (iv) steps of this construction, $PU$was drawn as the bisector of \[\angle TPS.\]
$\angle UPS=\frac{1}{2}\angle TPS$
$=\frac{1}{2}\times {{60}^{o}}$
$={{30}^{o}}$
Also,
$\angle UPQ=\angle SPQ+\angle UPS$
$={{60}^{o}}+{{30}^{o}}$
$={{90}^{o}} $
\[\]In step (vi) of this construction, PW was constructed as the bisector of ∠UPQ.
$\angle WPQ=\frac{1}{2}\angle UPQ$
$=\frac{1}{2}\times {{90}^{o}} $
$={{45}^{o}} $
3. Construct the angles of the following measuremet
I. $30{}^\circ $
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of $30{}^\circ $.
(1) Draw the given ray $PQ$. Taking $P$ as a centre and with some radius, draw an arc of a circle which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
(2) Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at point $S$.
(3) Taking $R$ and $S$ as centre and with radius more than$RS$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $T$. Join $PT$which is the required ray making $30{}^\circ $ with the given ray $PQ$.
II. ${{22}^{o}}\frac{1}{2}$
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of ${{22}^{o}}\frac{1}{2}$.
Take the given ray $PQ$. Draw an arc of some radius, taking point $P$ as its centre, which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at $S$.
Taking $S$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the arc at $T$ (see figure).
Taking $S$ and $T$ as centre, draw an arc of same radius to intersect each other at $U$.
Join$PU$. Let it intersect the arc at point $V$.
From $R$ and $V$, draw arcs with radius more than $RV$ to intersect each other at $W$. Join $PW$.
Let it intersect the arc at $X$. Taking $X$ and $R$as centre and radius more than$RX$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $Y$.
Joint $PY$ which is the required ray making ${{22}^{o}}\frac{1}{2}$ with the given ray $PQ$.
III. $15{}^\circ $
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of $15{}^\circ $.
(1) Draw the given ray $PQ$. Taking $P$ as centre and with some radius, draw an arc of a circle which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
(2) Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at point $S$.
(3) Taking $R$ and $S$ as centre and with radius more than $RS$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $T$. Join $PT$.
(4) Let it intersect the arc at $U$. Taking $U$ and $R$ as centre and with radius more than $RU$, draw an arc to intersect each other at $V$. Join $PV$ which is the required ray making $15{}^\circ $ with the given ray $PQ$.
4. Construct the following angles and verify by measuring them by a protractor:
(i) $75{}^\circ $
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of $75{}^\circ $.
Take the given ray $PQ$. Draw an arc of some radius taking point $P$ as its centre, which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at $S$.
Taking $S$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the arc at $T$ (see figure).
Taking $S$ and $T$ as centre, draw an arc of same radius to intersect each other at $U$.
Join $PU$. Let it intersect the arc at $V$. Taking $S$ and $V$ as centre, draw arcs with radius more than $SV$. Let those intersect each other at $W$. Join $PW$ which is the required ray making $75{}^\circ $ with the given ray $PQ$ .
The angle so formed can be measured with the help of a protractor. It comes to be $75{}^\circ $.
(ii) $105{}^\circ $
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of $105{}^\circ $
Take the given ray $PQ$. Draw an arc of some radius taking point $P$ as its centre, which intersects $PQ$ at $R$.
Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at $S$.
Taking $S$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the arc at $T$ (see figure).
Taking $S$ and $T$as centre, draw an arc of same radius to intersect each other at U.
Join $PU$. Let it intersect the arc at $V$. Taking $T$ and $V$ as centre, draw arcs with radius more than $TV$. Let these arcs intersect each other at W. Join $PW$ which is the required ray making $105{}^\circ $ with the given ray $PQ$.
The angle so formed can be measured with the help of a protractor. It comes to be $105{}^\circ $
(iii) $135{}^\circ $
Ans: The below given steps will be followed to construct an angle of $135{}^\circ $.
(1) Take the given ray $PQ$. Extend $PQ$ on the opposite side of $Q$. Draw a semi-circle of some radius taking point P as its centre, which intersects $PQ$ at $R$and$W$.
(2) Taking $R$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the previously drawn arc at $S$.
(3) Taking $S$ as centre and with the same radius as before, draw an arc intersecting the arc at $T$ (see figure).
(4) Taking $S$ and $T$ as centre, draw an arc of same radius to intersect each other at U.
(5) Join $PU$. Let it intersect the arc at $V$. Taking $V$and $W$as centre and with radius more than $\frac{1}{2}TV$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $X$. Join $PX,$which is the required ray making $135{}^\circ $ with the given line $PQ$.
The angle so formed can be measured with the help of a protractor. It comes to be $135{}^\circ $.
5. Construct an equilateral triangle, given its side and justify the construction.
Ans: Let us draw an equilateral triangle of side $5cm$. We know that all sides of an equilateral triangle are equal. Therefore, all sides of the equilateral triangle will be $5cm$. We also know that each angle of an equilateral triangle is$60{}^\text{o}$. The below given steps will be followed to draw an equilateral triangle of $5cm$ side.
Step I: Draw a line segment $AB$of $5cm$ length. Draw an arc of some radius, while taking $A$ as its centre. Let it intersect $AB$ at $P$.
Step II: Taking $P$ as centre, draw an arc to intersect the previous arc at $E$. Join $AE$.
Step III: Taking $A$ as centre, draw an arc of $5cm$ radius, which intersects extended line segment $AE$ at $C$. Join $AC$ and $BC$. $\Delta ABC$is the required equilateral triangle of side $5cm$.
Justification of Construction:
We can justify the construction by showing $ABC$as an equilateral triangle i.e.,
$AB\text{ }=\text{ }BC\text{ }=\text{ }AC\text{ }=\text{ }5cm$
and $\angle A\text{ }=\angle B\text{ }=\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }60{}^\circ .$
In $\Delta ABC$, we have $AB\text{ }=\text{ }BC\text{ }=\text{ }AC\text{ }=\text{ }5cm$and $\angle A\text{ }=\text{ }60{}^\circ $.
Since $AC\text{ }=\text{ }AB,\angle B\text{ }=\angle C$(Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle)
In $\Delta ABC$,
$\angle A\text{ }+\angle B\text{ }+\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }180{}^\circ $ (Angle sum property of a triangle)
$~\Rightarrow 60{}^\circ \text{ }+\angle C\text{ }+\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }180{}^\circ $
$\Rightarrow 60{}^\circ \text{ }+\text{ }2\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }180{}^\circ $
$\Rightarrow 2\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }180{}^\circ \text{ }-\text{ }60{}^\circ \text{ }=\text{ }120{}^\circ $
$\Rightarrow \angle C\text{ }=\text{ }60{}^\circ $
$\Rightarrow \angle B\text{ }=\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }60{}^\circ $
We have,$\angle A\text{ }=\angle B\text{ }=\angle C\text{ }=\text{ }60{}^\circ $... (1)
$\angle A\text{ }=\angle B$and $\angle A\text{ }=\angle C$
$BC\text{ }=\text{ }AC$and $BC\text{ }=\text{ }AB$(Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle)
$AB\text{ }=\text{ }BC\text{ }=\text{ }AC\text{ }=\text{ }5\text{ }cm$... (2)
From Equations (1) and (2), $\Delta ABC$is an equilateral triangle
A Glance about the Topics
From the Chapter 11 Construction topics, students can learn how to bisect the straight line or make certain angles using a compass and ruler.
To bisect a straight line at 90°, take a compass and make an arc from each end of a line by taking a measurement of more than half of the line. Join the arcs to get the bisector of a straight line.
To bisect an angle of the triangle, ΔABC, draw an arc that intersects two lines AB and BC. Measure the two points that cut the two lines AB and BC and draw an arc, by keeping two points as the centre. Now join the arc with point B to get a bisector of an angle.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths
Chapter 1 - Number System
Chapter 2 - Polynomials
Chapter 3 - Coordinate Geometry
Chapter 4 - Linear Equations in Two Variables
Chapter 5 - Introductions to Euclid's Geometry
Chapter 6 - Lines and Angles
Chapter 7 - Triangles
Chapter 8 - Quadrilaterals
Chapter 9 - Areas of Parallelogram and Triangles
Chapter 10 - Circles
Chapter 11 - Constructions
Chapter 12 - Heron's formula
Chapter 13 - Surface area and Volumes
Chapter 14 - Statistics
Chapter 15 - Probability
NCERT Solution Class 9 Maths of Chapter 11 All Exercises
Chapter 11 - Constructions Exercises in PDF Format | |
Exercise 11.1 | 5 Questions & Solutions (2 Short Answers, 2 Long Answer, 1 Very Long Answer) |
Exercise 11.2 | 5 Questions & Solutions (5 Very Long Answers) |
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 11 Constructions Exercise 11.1
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