Olefin polymer of very low polydispersity and process for preparing the same专利检索-·使用配位型催化剂专利检索查询-专利查询网 (2024)

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TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to olefin polymers, which are polymers of 1-butene or propylene, and processes for preparing the same, as defined in the claims.

BACKGROUND ART

Polymers having narrow molecular weight distribution and specific molecular weight, polymers having a functional group introduced at the terminal and block polymers having different segments bonded to each other exhibit various useful properties, so that they are very important from not only the academic viewpoint but also the industrial viewpoint.

It is generally well known that in the production of polymers having such specific structures, living polymerization wherein neither termination reaction nor chain transfer reaction substantially takes place during the polymerization is effective.

However, if the polymerization is carried out under usual conditions using a Ziegler catalyst or a metallocene catalyst that is generally used as an olefin polymerization catalyst to produce polymers having the above specific structures, chain transfer reactions of the glowing polymer chains frequently take place, and it is very difficult to produce olefin polymers by living polymerization. For example, it has been made clear by analyses of molecular weight distribution, composition distribution, etc. that when a block copolymer is intended to be synthesized using a known catalyst system, a mixture of hom*opolymer and random copolymer is produced (Boor, "Ziegler-Natta Catalyst and Polymerization", Academic Press Co., 1979).

Under such circ*mstances, some researches of living polymerization of olefins have been reported.

For example, living polymerization of propylene using a specific vanadium catalyst has been reported by Doi, et al. (Macromolecules, vol. 19, p. 2896, 1986). In this process, however, an extremely low polymerization temperature such as a temperature of -78°C to -40°C is necessary, and the polymerization activity is several tens g-polymer/mmol-M·h and is not commercially satisfactory. Further, the polymer type which can be synthesized is restricted to polypropylene or a propylene/ethylene copolymer having a low ethylene content (not more than 50 % by mol), and it is difficult to produce commercially useful polyethylene and ethylene copolymers by living polymerization. Moreover, there is a problem of low stereoregularity (racemic diad: not more than 0.8) of the resulting polypropylene, and hence this process is industrially insufficient.

Brookhart, et al. and McConvill, et al. have reported living polymerization of higher α-olefins such as propylene and 1-hexene with specific nickel complex or titanium complex (Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 118, p. 11664, 1996, Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 118, p. 10008, 1996). Also in this process, low-temperature polymerization at a temperature of not higher than 0°C is necessary in many cases, and the resulting polymer has an atactic structure having no stereoregularity. Moreover, it is difficult to produce polyethylene or an ethylene polymer by living polymerization using the nickel complex or the titanium complex.

Soga, Shiono, et al. have studied living polymerization of propylene using a metallocene catalyst, but in this process, an extremely low temperature such as a temperature of -78°C to -60°C is necessary, and the levels of polymerization activity and molecular weight of the resulting polymer are low (Macromolecule, vol. 31, p. 3184, 1998, Macromolecule Rapid Communication, vol. 20, p. 637, 1999) .

As a synthesis of polyethylene by living polymerization, that is generally said be difficult, Nakamura, et al. have reported a process of using a niobium or tantalum complex, and Yasuda, et al. have reported a process of using a samarium complex. In these processes, however, there are defects that the activity is low, the molecular weight of the resulting polyethylene is limited to about 100,000, and copolymerization of comonomers other than ethylene is infeasible (Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 115, p. 10990, 1993).

As a synthesis of a block polymer having different segments bonded to each other, a process of using a specific metallocene catalyst has been reported (International Patent Publication WO91/12285, WO94/21700). In this process, however, the activity is low, and low-temperature polymerization (-10°C to 0°C) is essential. Morewer, it is described that the blocking efficiency is decreased to less than 10 % by increasing the polymerization temperature to 10°C. On this account, production of a block copolymer at an industrially usually used polymerization temperature (50°C to 75°C) is impossible. Also in case of low-temperature polymerization, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn), that is an indication of living polymerizability, of the block copolymer is not less than 1.35 and is not narrow, so that this polymerization is not living polymerization sufficiently controlled. Therefore, most of the products contain large amounts of non-block polymers as by-products, and fractionation to remove the unnecessary polymers is essential as a post treatment. Thus, there are many industrial restrictions.

Accordingly, development of a process wherein living polymerization of olefins can be carried out at an industrially available high temperature with high polymerization activity is of industrially very great value.

Under such circ*mstances, the present applicant has found, as novel olefin polymerization catalysts, transition metal compounds having a salicylaldimine ligand, and has also found that when a transition metal compound having a specific structure selected from the transition metal compounds having a salicylaldimine ligand is used, living polymerization proceeds at an industrially available high temperature with activity extremely higher than that of hitherto known living polymerization, and production of polyolefins having high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution and polyolefins or block copolymers having functional groups quantitatively introduced at the terminals is feasible. Based on the finding, the present invention has been accomplished. The present applicant has furthermore found a process for efficiently producing such polymers, and accomplished the present invention.

It is an object of the invention to provide olefin polymers exhibiting various useful properties, such as a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution and a specific molecular weight, a polymer having a functional group introduced at the terminal and a block polymer having different segments bonded to each other. It is another object of the invention to provide processes for preparing these olefin polymers. It is a further object of the invention to provide processes for efficiently preparing such polymers.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The olefin polymer according to the invention is, which is a polymer of 1-butene or propylene, has a number-average molecular weight of not less than 500 and Mw/Mn (Mw: weight-average molecular weight, Mn: number-average molecular weight) of not more than 1.5. Such a polymer is sometimes referred to as a "monodisperse polyolefin" hereinafter. The olefin polymer of the present invention further has a melting point of not lower than 70°C, and has a racemic diad (r), as measured by 13C-NMR, of not less than 0.85.

A further embodiment of the olefin polymer according to the invention is an olefin polymer having a functional group at the terminal of the main chain of the aforesaid monodisperse polyolefin.

The molded product according to the invention comprises the monodisperse polyolefin.

The process for preparing an olefin polymer according to the invention comprises polymerizing propylene or 1-butene in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising a transition metal compound which is represented by the following formula (I) and has properties that, in a β-agostic structure of a cationic complex wherein one of X in the formula (I) is replaced with a n-propyl group, said structure being measured by a density functional method, the distance between the heteroatom, which has no direct bond to the central metal M and is nearest to the central metal M, and hydrogen at the β-position is not more than 3.0 A and the electrostatic energy is not more than 10 kJ/mol, to prepare the monodisperse polyolefin;

L_mMX_n (I)

wherein M is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, m is an integer of 1 to 5, n is a number satisfying a valence of M, L is a ligand coordinated to the central metal M and is a ligand having a heteroatom which has no direct bond to the central metal M, and X is an oxygen atom, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, a heterocyclic compound residue, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group or a tin-containing group, and when n is 2 or greater, plural groups indicated by X may be the same or different, and plural groups indicated by X may be bonded to form a ring.

In one embodiment, the transition metal compound is a transition metal compound represented by the following formula (II-a) or (II-b);

wherein M¹ is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, m is an integer of 1 to 5, Q is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom having a substituent R², A is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or a nitrogen atom having a substituent R⁵, R¹ is a hydrocarbon group having one or more heteroatoms or a hydrocarbon group having one or more heteroatom-containing groups, R² to R⁵ may be the same or different and are each a hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, a heterocyclic compound residue, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group or a tin-containing group, two or more of R² to R⁵ may be bonded to form a ring, and when m is 2 or greater, R¹s, R²s, R³s, R⁴s and R⁵s may be the same or different, and one group of R² to R⁵ contained in one ligand and one group of R² to R⁵ contained in other ligands may be bonded, n is a number satisfying a valence of M¹, and X has the same meaning as that of X in the aforesaid formula (I);

wherein M¹ is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, m is an integer of 1 to 5, Y is a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, U is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁶, a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, Q is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁷, a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, S is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁸, a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, T is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁹, a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom, R¹ and R⁶ to R⁹ are each the same atom or group as described with respect to R¹ and R² to R⁵ in the formula (II-a), and when m is 2 or greater, R¹s, R⁶s, R⁷s, R⁸s and R⁹s may be the same or different, and one group of R⁶ to R⁹ contained in one ligand and one group of R⁶ to R⁹ contained in other ligands may be banded,

n is a number satisfying a valence of M¹, and X has the same meaning as that of X in the aforesaid formula (I).

Similarly to the transition metal compound represented by the formula (I), the transition metal compound represented by the formula (II-a) or (II-b)-has properties that the distance between the heteroatom, which has no direct bond to the central metal M and is nearest to the central metal M, and hydrogen at the β-position is not more than 3.0 Å and the electrostatic energy is not more than 10 kJ/mol.

The transition metal compound represented by the formula (II-a) or (II-b) is preferably a compound wherein R¹ is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, selected from a phenyl group having, at at least one position of the 2-position and the 6-position, when the position of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen is the 1-position, one or more substituents selected from a heteroatom and a heteroatom-containing group, or has, at at least one position of the 3-position, the 4-position and the 5-position, at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom other than a fluorine atom, a fluorine-containing group having one carbon atom and not more than two fluorine atoms, a fluorine-containing group having two or more carbon atoms, and a group containing a heteroatom other than a fluorine atom, and when R¹ is an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, this group has at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom and a heteroatom-containing group.

In the transition metal compound represented by the formula (II-a) or (II-b), when the position of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen is the 1-position, R¹ is preferably a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms selected from a phenyl group having, at at least one position of the 2-position and the 6-position, one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group, a phenyl group having, at at least one position of the 3-position, the 4-position and the 5-position, at least one substituent selected from a fluorine-containing group having one carbon atom and not more than two fluorine atoms, a fluorine-containing group having two or more carbon atoms, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a chlorine-containing group, a bromine-containing group and an iodine-containing group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group having at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group.

In one embodiment, the transition metal compound is a transition metal compound represented by the following formula (III) :

wherein M¹ is a transition metal atcan selected from Group 4 to Group 5 of the periodic table, m is 1 or 2, R¹⁰ is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, when R¹ is a phenyl group and the position of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen is the 1-position, this phenyl group has, at at least one position of the 2-position and the 6-position, one or more substituents selected from a heteroatom and a heteroatom-containing group, or has, at at least one position of the 3-position, the 4-position and the 5-position, at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom other than a fluorine atom, a fluorine-containing group having one carbon atom and not more than two fluorine atoms, a fluorine-containing group having two or more carbon atoms, and a group containing a heteroatom other than a fluorine atom, and when R¹⁰ is an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic group, this group has at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom and a heteroatom-containing group,

R¹¹ to R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a halogen-containing group, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group or a sulfur-containing group, R¹⁵ is a halogen atom, a halogen-containing group, a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, n is a number satisfying a valence of M, and X has the same meaning as that of X in the aforesaid formula (I).

In the transition metal compound represented by the formula (III), when the position of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen is the 1-position, R¹⁰ is preferably a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms selected from a phenyl group having, at at least one position of the 2-position and the 6-position, one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group, a phenyl group having, at at least one position of the 3-position, the 4-position and the 5-position, at least one substituent selected from a fluorine-containing group having one carbon atom and not more than two fluorine atoms, a fluorine-containing group having two or more carbon atoms, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a chlorine-containing group, a bromine-containing group and an iodine-containing group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group having at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom and a halogen-containing group.

By the above process, for example, the monodisperse polyolefin can be prepared.

Another embodiment of the process for preparing an olefin polymer according to the invention comprises polymerizing propylene or 1-butene in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising the above-mentioned transition metal compound to prepare a polymer and then bringing the polymer into contact with a functional group-containing compound to prepare an olefin polymer having a functional group at the terminal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Fig. 1 is an explanatory view showing steps for preparing an olefin polymerization catalyst which is occasionally used in the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The olefin polymers according to the invention and the processes for preparing the polymers are described in detail hereinafter.

The meaning of the term "polymerization" used herein is not limited to "hom*opolymerization" but may comprehend "copolymerization". Also, the meaning of the term "polymer" used herein is not limited to "hom*opolymer" but may comprehend "copolymer".

The olefin polymer (monodisperse polyolefin) of the invention is a polymer of at least one olefin selected from propylene and 1-butene (sometimes referred to as "olefins" hereinafter). This polymer may be a polymer of one olefin selected from propylene and 1-butene or may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer thereof.

The monodisperse polyolefin has a number-average molecular weight of not less than 500, preferably 500 to 10,000,000, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000,000, and Mw/Mn of not more than 1.5, preferably not more than 1.3.

The weight-average molecular weight, number-average molecular weight and Mw/Mn (Mw: weight-average molecular weight, Mn: number-average molecular weight) are measured in an orthodichlorobenzene solvent at 140°C by means of GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The polymer molecular weight obtained is converted to a molecular weight in terms of polystyrene by a universal method. The parameters used are as follows. Polystyrene standard sample: K=0.000137, α=0.686

Polypropylene: K=0.0001, α=0.8

The melting point of the resulting polymer is measured in a stream of nitrogen under the heating rate conditions of 10°C/min using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

The ¹³C-NMR measurement and analysis can be carried out in accordance with a method hitherto known. Literatures on the ¹³C-NMR measurement and analysis are given below.

1) L.P. Lindeman, J.Q. Adams, Anal. Chem., 43, 1245 (1971)
2) F.A. Bovey, M.C. Sacchi, A. Zambelli, Macromolecules, 7, 752 (1974)
3) J.C. Randall, Macromolecules, 11, 33 (1978)
4) A. Zambelli, P. Locatelli, G. Bajo, Macromolecules, 12, 154 (1979)
5) Y. Doi, Macromolecules, 12, 248 (1979)
6) N. Kashiwa, A. Mizuno, S. Minami, Polym. Bull., 12, 105 (1984)
7) P. Ammendola, L. Oliva, G. Gianotti, A. Zambelli, Macromolecules, 18, 1407 (1985)
8) T. Tsutsui, A. Mizuno, N. Kashiwa, Polymer, 30, 428 (1989)
9) T. Tsutsui, N. Ishimaru, A. Mizuno, A. Toyota, N. Kashiwa, Polymer, 30, 1350 (1989)

Preferred examples of the monodisperse polyolefins according to the invention include polypropylene and polybutene

The monodisperse polyolefin of the invention has a melting point of not lower than 70°C, a number-average molecular weight of not less than 500, preferably 500 to 10,000,000, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000,000, Mw/Mn of not more than 1.5, preferably not more than 1.3, and a racemic diad (r), as measured by ¹³C-NMR, of not less than 0.85, preferably not less than 0.90.

The monodisperse polyolefin of the invention may be bonded to other structural parts within limits not detrimental to the objects of the invention. The polymer of the invention may be a graft modified polymer.

The process for preparing the olefin copolymer of the invention will be described later.

The olefin copolymer of the invention may have a functional group at the terminal of the main chain. The olefin copolymer of the invention may be bonded to other structural parts within limits not detrimental to the objects of the invention, with the proviso that it has the above structure. The polymer of the invention may be a graft modified polymer.

As the functional group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a metal atom-containing group or the like is preferable.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon groups include phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, biphenylyl and anthryl.

Examples of the halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

The oxygen-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 oxygen atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. A group containing a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom or a halogen atom, said atom being directly bonded to the oxygen atom, is not included either. Examples of the oxygen-containing groups include hydroxyl group; alkoxy groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy; aryloxy groups, such as phenoxy, methylphenoxy, dimethylphenoxy and naphthoxy; arylalkoxy groups, such as phenylmethoxy and phenylethoxy; acetoxy group; carbonyl group; carboxyl group; ester group; and acetyl group. When the oxygen-containing group contains carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is in the range of usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.

The nitrogen-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. Examples of the nitrogen-containing groups include amino group; alkylamino groups, such as methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butylamino and cyclohexylamino; and arylamino groups, such as phenylamino, tolylamino and naphthylamino.

The sulfur-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 sulfur atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. Examples of the sulfur-containing groups include sulfonato groups, such as methylsulfonato, trifluromethanesulfonato, phenylsulfonato, benzylsulfonato, p-toluenesulfonato, trimethylbenzenesulfonato, triisobutylbenzenesulfonato, p-chlorobenzenesulfonato and pentafluorobenzenesulfonato; sulfinato groups, such as methylsulfinato, phenylsulfinato, benzylsulfinato, p-toluenesulfinato, trimethylbenzenesulfinato and pentaflurobenzenesulfinato; alkylthio groups; and arylthio groups. When the sulfur-containing group contains carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is in the range of usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.

The phosphorus-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 phosphorus atoms, and examples thereof include trialkylphosphine groups, such as trimethylphosphine, tributylphosphine and tricyclohexylphosphine; triarylphosphine groups, such as triphenylphosphine and tritolylphosphine; phosphite groups (phosphido groups), such as methylphosphite, ethylphosphite and phenylphosphite; phosphonic acid group; and phosphinic acid group.

The metal atom-containing group is, for example, a group containing an atom of silicon, aluminum, boron, zinc or magnesium, or a metal atom such as lithium, and examples thereof include a silicon-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a boron-containing group, a zinc-containing group, a magnesium-containing group and a lithium atom.

The silicon-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 silicon atoms. Examples of the silicon-containing groups include hydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups, such as phenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, tricyclohexylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, tritolylsilyl, trinaphthylsilyl and methyldiphenylsilyl; alkyl-substituted silyl ether groups, such as trimethylsilyl ether; silicon-substituted alkyl groups, such as trimethylsilylmethyl; silicon-substituted aryl groups, such as trimethysilylphenyl; and hydrocarbon-substituted siloxy groups, such as trimethylsiloxy. Of the hydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups, trialkylsilyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl and tricyclohexylsilyl, are preferable.

The aluminum-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 aluminum atoms. An example of the aluminum-containing group is -AlR₂ group (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom or the like).

The boron-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 boron atoms. An example of the boron-containing group is -BR₂ group (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom or the like).

The zinc-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 3 zinc atoms. An example of the zinc-containing group is -ZnR group (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom or the like).

The magnesium-containing group is a group containing 1 to 3 magnesium atoms. An example of the magnesium-containing group is -MgR group (R is hydrogen, alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom or the like).

Examples of the olefin polymers having a functional group at the terminal of the main chain include polymers having a halogen atom, a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an acetyl group, an alkylamino group, a trialkylsilyl group, a trimethylsiloxy group, a dialkylaluminum group, a dialkylboron group, an alkylzinc group, lithium or the like at the terminals of polypropylene or polybutene

Of these, particularly preferable are polymers having a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxyl group or an alkylzinc group at the terminals of polypropylene, or polybutene.

The olefin polymer having a functional group at the terminal of the main chain can be favorably used for various additives such as compatibilizing agent and modifier, coating materials and adhesives. The use application of the polymer will be described later.

The process for preparing the olefin polymer having a functional group at the terminal of the main chain will be described later.

Next, the process for preparing an olefin polymer according to the invention is described.

The process for preparing an olefin polymer according to the invention uses an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising the below-described transition metal compound (A), preferably an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising:

(A) the below-described transition metal compound, and
(B) at least one compound selected from:
- (B-1) an organometallic compound,
- (B-2) an organoaluminum oxy-compound, and
- (B-3) a compound which reacts with the transition metal compound (A) to form an ion pair.

First, the components for forming the olefin polymerization catalyst used in the invention are described.

(A) Transition metal compound

The transition metal compound (A) for use in the invention is a compound which is represented by the following formula (I) and has properties that, in a β-agostic structure of a cationic complex wherein X in the formula (I) is replaced with a n-propyl group, said structure being measured by a density functional method, the distance (r value) between the heteroatom (Z), which has no direct bond to the central metal M and is nearest to the central metal M, and hydrogen at the β-position is not more than 3.0 Å and the electrostatic energy is not more than 10 kJ/mol.

The "density functional method" means calculation using a program ADF2000.01 (developed by SCM Co. (Netherlands), obtained by making a license contract with SCM Co. and then downloading the program from the home page (html://www.scm.com) of SCM Co.) and using BLYP method. As the basis function, a Slater type orbital function is used. As for the structure, a function of Triple zeta type is used for the central metal, and a function of Double zeta type is used for other atoms, however, in the electrostatic energy evaluation, a function of Double Zeta type added with a polarization function is used for other atoms. The basis function is used also for the single-point calculation of the optimum structure obtained by structural calculation. In calculations other than the structural calculation, corrections of Pauli's relativistic potentials are made. The "electrostatic energy" means an electrostatic energy between hydrogen at the β-position and the nearest heteroatom. More specifically, the electrostatic energy is an interatomic electrostatic interaction based on the electronic state obtained by assigning electrons obtained by the complex calculation to those two atoms. The electron referred to herein is each electron population of s, p, d orbitals of the two atoms obtained by the complex calculation (single-point calculation in the β-agostic optimum structure obtained after the structural calculation).

L_mMX_n (I)

In the formula (I), M is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, preferably a transition metal atom selected from Group 4 to Group 5, more preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4, specifically titanium, zirconium or hafnium, particularly preferably titanium.

m is an integer of 1 to 6.

L is a ligand coordinated to the central metal M and is an organic or inorganic ligand having at least one heteroatom (Z) which has no direct bond to the central metal M.

Examples of ligand skeletons include cyclopentadienyl skeleton, acetylacetonato skeleton, phenoxy skeleton, amido skeleton, imido skeleton and ligand skeleton which forms the later-described transition metal compounds represented by the formula (II-a), (II-b) or (III).

The ligand skeleton represented by the formula (II-a) includes ligand skeleton of the formula (II-a) wherein R¹ is a hydrocarbon group and any one of R³ and R⁴ has the later-described heteroatom or heteroatam-containing group, namely, ligand skeleton wherein at least one of R¹, R³ and R⁴ has the later-described heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group.

The ligand skeleton represented by the formula (II-b) includes ligand skeleton of the formula (II-b) wherein R¹ is a hydrocarbon group and any one of R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ has the later-described heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group, namely, ligand skeleton wherein at least one of R¹, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ has the later-described heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group. The ligand skeleton represented by the formula (III) includes ligand skeleton of the formula (III) wherein R¹⁰ is a hydrocarbon group and any one of R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ has the later-described heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group, namely, ligand skeleton wherein at least one of R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ has the later-described heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group.

The heteroatom is a nonmetal atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, and examples thereof include atoms of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and selenium.

n is a number satisfying a valence of M.

When n is 2 or greater, plural groups indicated by X may be the same or different.

Examples of the halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Examples of the hydrocarbon groups include alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl and eicosyl; cycloalkyl groups of 3 to 30 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl and adamantly; alkenyl groups, such as vinyl, propenyl and cyclohexenyl; arylalkyl groups, such as benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl; and aryl groups, such as phenyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, methylnaphthyl, anthryl and phenanthryl. In the hydrocarbon groups, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as groups wherein at least one hydrogen is replaced with a halogen in hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, are also included.

The oxygen-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 oxygen atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. A group containing a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, a halogen atom or a silicon atom, said atom being directly bonded to the oxygen atom, is not included either. Examples of the oxygen-containing groups include hydroxyl group; alkoxy groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy; aryloxy groups, such as phenoxy, methylphenoxy, dimethylphenoxy and naphthoxy; arylalkoxy groups, such as phenylmethoxy and phenylethoxy; acetoxy group; and carbonyl group. When the oxygen-containing group contains carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is in the range of usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.

The nitrogen-containing group is a group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. Examples of the nitrogen-containing groups include amino group; alkylamino groups, such as methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino and dibutylamino, dicyclohexylamino; and arylamino or alkylarylamino groups, such as phenylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino, dinaphthylamino and methylphenylamino.

The boron-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 boron atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. An example of the boron-containing group is BR₄ (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom or the like).

The aluminum-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 aluminum atoms. An example of the aluminum-containing group is AlR₄ (R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom or the like).

The phosphorus-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 phosphorus atoms, but the later-described heterocyclic compound residue is not included in this group. Examples of the phosphorus-containing groups include trialkylphosphine groups, such as trimethylphosphine, tributylphosphine and tricyclohexylphosphine; triarylphosphine groups, such as tripheylphosphine and tritolylphosphine; phosphite groups (phosphido groups), such as methylphosphite, ethylphosphite and phenylphosphite; phosphonic acid group; and phosphinic acid group.

Examples of the halogen-containing groups include fluorine-containing groups, such as PF₆ and BF₄; chlorine-containing groups, such as ClO₄ and SbCl₆; and iodine-containing groups, such as IO₄.

Examples of the heterocyclic compound residues include residues of nitrogen-containing groups such as pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline and triazine; residues of oxygen-containing groups such as furan and pyran; residues of sulfur-containing groups such as thiophene; and groups wherein these heterocyclic compound residues are further substituted with substituents such as alkyl groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or alkoxy groups.

The silicon-containing group is, for example, a group containing 1 to 5 silicon atoms. Examples of the silicon-containing groups include hydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups, such as phenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, tricyclohexylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, methyldiphenylsilyl, tritolylsilyl and trinaphthylsilyl; hydrocarbon-substituted silyl ether groups, such as trimethylsilyl ether; silicon-substituted alkyl groups, such as trimethylsilylmethyl; and silicon-substituted aryl groups, such as trimethylsilylphenyl. When the silicon-containing group contains carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is in the range of usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.

Examples of the germanium-containing groups include groups wherein silicon is replaced with germanium in the above-mentioned silicon-containing groups.

Examples of the tin-containing groups include groups wherein silicon is replaced with tin in the above-mentioned silicon-containing groups.

As the transition metal compound (A) for use in the invention, a compound represented by the following formula (II-a) or (II-b) is available.

wherein N---M¹ generally means that they are coordinated to each other, but in the present invention they are not always coordinated.

In the formula (II-a), M¹ is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4 to Group 5, specifically titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum or the like, more preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4, specifically titanium, zirconium or hafnium, still more preferably titanium.

Q is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom having a substituent R² (-C(R²)=).

A is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or a nitrogen atom having a substituent R⁵ (-N(R⁵)-).

R¹ is a hydrocarbon group having at least one heteroatom or a hydrocarbon group having at least one heteroatom-containing group. Examples of the heteroatoms include atoms of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and selenium. The heteroatom-containing group is a group containing a nonmetal atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, and examples thereof include an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen atom-containing group and a heterocyclic compound residue. Examples of the oxygen-containing groups, the nitrogen-containing groups, the sulfur-containing groups, the phosphorus-containing groups and the heterocyclic compound residues include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I). Examples of the halogen-containing groups include groups wherein at least one hydrogen is replaced with halogen in the hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl and eicosyl), cycloalkyl groups of 3 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl and adamantly), alkenyl groups (e.g., vinyl, propenyl and cyclohexenyl), arylalkyl groups (e.g., benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl) and aryl groups (e.g., phenyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, biphenylyl, naphthyl, methylnaphthyl, anthryl and phenanthryl). Specific examples of such groups include trifluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, pentafluorophenyl, perfluorohexyl, trichloromethyl, perchloroethyl, pentachlorophenyl and perchlorohexyl.

R¹ is preferably a halogen atom-containing hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Specifically, R¹ is trifluromethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoropentyl, perfluorohexyl, perfluaroheptyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorodecyl, 1H,1H-perfluoroprapyl, 1H,1H-perfluorobutyl, 1H,1H-perfluoropentyl, 1H,1H-perfluorohexyl, 1H,1H-perfluoroheptyl, 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl, 1H,1H-perfluorodecyl, perfluorocyclohexyl, trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl, trifluoromethylfluorocyclohexyl, monofluorophenyl, difluorophenyl, trifluorcphenyl, tetrafluorcphenyl, pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl)pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl)fluorophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, pentakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, perfluoroethylphenyl, bis(perfluoroethyl)phenyl, perfluoropropylphenyl, perfluorobutylphenyl, perfluoropentylphenyl, perfluorohexylphenyl, bis(perfluorohexyl)phenyl, perfluoronaphthyl, perfluorophenanthryl, perfluoroanthryl, (trifluoramethyl)tetrafluorophenyl or the like.

R² to R⁵ may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, a heterocyclic compound residue, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group or a tin-containing group. Two or more of R² to R⁵ may be bonded to form a ring.

Examples of the boron-containing groups, the aluminum-containing groups, the phosphorus-containing groups, the halogen-containing groups, the heterocyclic compound residues, the silicon-containing groups, the germanium-containing groups and the tin-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I).

Examples of the halogen-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to R¹ in the formula, (TT-a).

Examples of the hydrocarbon groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include those of 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Specifically, there can be mentioned straight-chain or branched alkyl groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl and n-hexyl; straight-chain or branched alkenyl groups of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl and isopropenyl; straight-chain or branched alkynyl groups of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atom, such as ethynyl and propargyl; cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups of 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and adamantyl; cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups of 5 to 30 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentadienyl, indenyl and fluorenyl; aryl groups of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl, phenanthryl and anthryl; and alkyl-substituted aryl groups, such as tolyl, iso-propylphenyl, t-butylphenyl, dimethylphenyl and di-t-butylphenyl.

The above-mentioned hydrocarbon groups may be substituted with other hydrocarbon groups, and examples of such groups include alkyl groups substituted with aryl groups such as benzyl and cumyl.

Examples of the hydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include those of 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Specifically, there can be mentioned methylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, dimethyl-t-butylsilyl and dimethyl(pentafluorophenyl)silyl. Of these, preferable are methylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, ethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl and triphenylsilyl. Particularly preferable are trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl and dimethylphenylsilyl.

Examples of the oxygen-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I). Examples of the nitrogen-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I).

Examples of the sulfur-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I).

R² to R⁵ are each preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group or a halogen-containing group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group or a halogen-containing group.

Examples of the halogen atoms and the halogen-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same atoms and groups as previously described with respect to R¹ in the formula (II-a).

n is a number satisfying a valence of M¹, specifically an integer of 2 to 4, preferably 2.

X is an oxygen atom, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, a heterocyclic compound residue, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group or a tin-containing group. Examples of such atoms and groups include the same atoms and groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I).

When n is 2 or greater, plural groups indicated by X may be the same or different, and plural groups indicated by X may be bonded to form a ring.

wherein N---M¹ generally means that they are coordinated to each other, but in the present invention they are not always coordinated.

In the formula (II-b), M¹ is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4 to Group 5, specifically titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum or the like, more preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4, specifically titanium, zirconium or hafnium, still more preferably titanium.

m is an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 2.

A is a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.

U is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁶ (-C(R⁶)=), a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.

Q is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁷ (-C(R⁷)=), a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.

S is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁸ (-C(R⁸)=), a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.

T is a carbon atom having a substituent R⁹ (-C(R⁹)=), a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.

R¹ is a hydrocarbon group having one or more heteroatoms or a hydrocarbon group having one or more heteroatom-containing groups, and has the same meaning as that of R¹ in the formula (II-a).

R⁶ to R⁹ may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, a heterocyclic compound residue, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group or a tin-containing group. Examples of the hydrocarbon groups and the hydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups include the same groups as previously described with respect to R² to R⁵ in the formula (II-a). Examples of the oxygen-containing groups, the nitrogen-containing groups, the sulfur-containing groups, the nitrogen-containing group, the borom-containing groups, the aluminum-containing groups, the phosphorus-containing groups, the halogen-containing groups, the heterocyclic compound residues, the silicon-containing groups, the germanium-containing groups and the tin-containing groups include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I).

R⁶ to R⁹ are each preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group or a halogen-containing group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group or a halogen-containing group.

Two or more of R⁶ to R⁹ may be banded to form a ring, and when m is 2 or greater, R¹s, R⁶s, R⁷s, R⁸s and R⁹s may be the same or different, and one group of R⁶ to R⁹ contained in one ligand and one group of R⁶ to R⁹ contained in other ligands may be bonded.

n is a number satisfying a valence of M¹.

When n is 2 or greater, plural groups indicated by X may be the same or different, and plural groups indicated by X may be bonded to form a ring.

Similarly to the transition metal compound represented by the formula (I), the transition metal compound (A) represented by the formula (II-a) or (II-b) has properties that the distance between the heteroatom, which has no direct bond to the central metal M and is nearest to the central metal M, and hydrogen at the β-position is not more than 3.0 Å and the electrostatic energy is not more than 10 kJ/mol.

Of the transition metal compounds represented by the formula (II-a) or (II-b), a transition metal compound represented by the following formula (II-a') or (II-b') and having the following structure as R¹ is preferable as the transition metal compound (A) for use in the invention.

wherein N---M¹ generally means that they are coordinated to each other, but in the present invention they are not always coordinated.

In the formula (11-a'), M¹ is a transition metal atom selected from Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table, preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4 to Group 5, specifically titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum or the like, more preferably a transition metal atom of Group 4, specifically titanium, zirconium or hafnium, still more preferably titanium.

Q is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom having a substituent R² (-C(R²)=).

A is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or a nitrogen atom having a substituent R⁵ (-C(R⁵)-).

R¹ is a phenyl group having at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom and a heteroatom-containing groups, an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group. When R¹ is a phenyl group and the position of the carbon atom banded to a nitrogen atom is the 1-position, the phenyl group desirably has, at at least one position of the 2-position and the 6-position, at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom and a heteroatom-containing group, or has, at the 3-position, the 4-position and the 5-position, at least one substituent selected from a heteroatom other than a fluorine atom, a fluorine-containing group containing one carbon atom and not more than two fluorine atoms, a fluorine-containing group containing two or more carbon atoms and a heteroatom-containing group having a heteroatom other than a fluorine atom. When R¹ is an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, this group has one or more substituents selected from heteroatoms and heteroatom-containing groups.

Examples of the heteroatoms and the heteroatom-containing groups indicated by R¹ include the same atoms and groups as previously described with respect to R¹ in the formula (II-a).

In the transition metal compound represented by the formula (II-a'), when the position of the carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom is the 1-position, R¹ is preferably a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms which is selected from a phenyl group having, at at least one position of the 2-position, and the 6-position, at least one substituent selected from a fluorine atom and a fluorine atom-containing group, a phenyl group having, at the 3-position, the 4-position and the 5-position, at least one substituent selected from a fluorine-containing group having one carbon atom and not more than two fluorine atoms and a fluorine-containing group containing two or more carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group other than a phenyl group having at least one substituent selected from a fluorine atom and a fluorine-containing group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one substituent selected from a fluorine atom and a fluorine-containing group, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having at least one substituent selected from a fluorine atom and a fluorine-containing group. Such a transition metal compound is preferable from the viewpoints of activity and molecular weight of the resulting polymer.

Specifically, R¹ is trifluoromethyl, perfluolroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoropentyl, perfluorohexyl, perfluoroheptyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorodecyl, 1H,1H-perfluoropropyl, 1H,1H-perfluorobutyl, 1H,1H-perfluoropentyl, 1H,1H-perfluorohexyl, 1H,1H-perfluoroheptyl, 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl, 1H,1H-perfluorodecyl, perfluorocyclohexyl, trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl, trifluoromethylfluorocyclohexyl, monofluorophenyl, difluorophenyl, trifluorophenyl, tetrafluorophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl)pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl) fluorophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, bit(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, pentakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, perfluoroethylphenyl, bis(perfluoroethyl)phenyl, perfluoropropylphenyl, perfluorobutylphenyl, perfluoropentylphenyl, perfluorohexylphenyl, bis(perfluorohexyl)phenyl, perfluoronaphthyl, perfluorophenanthryl, perfluoroanthryl, (trifluoromethyl)tetrafluorophenyl or the like. R¹ is preferably a fluorine-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include 1H,1H-perfluoropropyl, 1H,1H-perfluorobutyl, 1H,1H-perfluoropentyl, 1H,1H-perfluorohexyl, 1H,1H-perfluoroheptyl, 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl and 1H,1H-perfluorodecyl. Also preferable are aromatic hydrocarbon groups of 6 to 30 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine and/or fluorine-containing hydrocarbon, such as monofluorophenyl, difluorophenyl, trifluorophenyl, tetrafluorophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl)pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl)fluorophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, pentakis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, perfluoroethylphenyl, bis(perfluoroethyl)phenyl, perfluoropropylphenyl, perfluorobutylphenyl, perfluoropentylphenyl, perfluorohexylphenyl, bis(perfluomhexyl)phenyl, perfluoronaphthyl, perfluorophenanthryl, perfluoroanthryl and (trifluoromethyl)tetrafluorophenyl. Of the above examples, particularly preferable as R¹ are monofluorophenyl, difluorophenyl, trifluorophenyl, tetrafluorophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, (trifluoromethyl)pentafluorophenyl and 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl.

Examples of the halogen-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to R¹ in the formula (II-a).

Examples of the hydrocarbon groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include those of 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Specifically, there can be mentioned straight-chain or branched alkyl groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iscpropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl and n-hexyl; straight-chain or branched alkenyl groups of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl and isopropenyl; straight-chain or branched alkynyl groups of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atom, such as ethynyl and propargyl; cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups of 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and adamantyl; cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups of 5 to 30 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentadienyl, indenyl and fluorenyl; aryl groups of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl, phenanthryl and anthryl; and alkyl-substituted aryl groups, such as tolyl, iso-propylphenyl, t-butylphenyl, dimethylphenyl and di-t-butylphenyl.

The above-mentioned hydrocarbon groups may be substituted with other hydrocarbon groups, and examples of such groups include alkyl groups substituted with aryl groups such as benzyl and cumyl.

Examples of the oxygen-containing groups indicated by R² to R⁵ include the same groups as previously described with respect to X in the formula (I).

Examples of the phosphonium cations include triarylphosphonium cations, such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri(methylphenyl)phosphonium cation and tri(dimethylphenyl)phosphonium cation.

R²³ is preferably carbonium cation or ammonium cation, particularly preferably triphenylcarbonium cation, N,N-dimethylanilinium cation or N,N-diethylanilinium cation.

Also employable as the ionic compound is a trialkyl-substituted ammonium salt, a N,N-dialkylanilinium salt, a dialkylammonium salt or a triarylphosphonium salt.

Examples of the trialkyl-substituted ammonium salts include triethylammoniumtetra (phenyl) boron, tripropylammoniumtetra (phenyl) boron, tri (n-butyl)ammoniumtetra (phenyl) boron, trimethylammoniumtetra(p- tolyl)boron, trimethylammoniumtetra (o-tolyl) boron, tri (n-butyl)ammoniumtetra(pentafluorophenyl)boron, tripropylammoniumtetra(o,p-dimethylphenyl) boron, tri (n-butyl)ammoniumtetra(m,m-dimethylphenyl) boron, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetra(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)boron, tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetra(3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl)boron and tri(n-butyl)ammoniumtetra(o-tolyl)boron.

Examples of the N,N-dialkylanilinium salts include N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetra (phenyl) boron, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetra (phenyl) boron and N,N-2,4,6-pentamethylaniliniumtetra(phenyl)boron.

Examples of the dialkylammonium salts include di(1-propyl)ammoniumtetra (pentafluorophenyl) boron and dicyclohexylammoniumtetra (phenyl) boron. Further employable as the ionic compounds are triphenylcarbeniumtetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, N,N-dimethylaniliniumtetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, ferroceniumtetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbeniunpentaphenylcyclopentadienyl complex, N,N-diethylaniliniumpentaphenylcyclopentadienyl complex and a boron compound represented by the formula (VII):

wherein Et is an ethyl group, or the formula (VIII):

Examples of the borane compounds include salts of metallic carborane anions, such as tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-1,3-dicarbanonaborate)cobaltate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-7,8-dicarbanonaborate)ferrate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-7,8-dicarbanonaborate)cobaltate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-7,8-dicarbanonaborate)nickelate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(undecahydrido-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate)cuprate (III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-7,8-dicarbanonaborate)aurate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-7,8-dimethyl-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate)ferrate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(nonahydrido-7,8-dimethyl-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate)chromate(III), tri(n-butyl)ammoniumbis(tribromooctahydrido-7,8-dicarbaundecaborate)cobaltate(III), tris[tri(n-butyl)ammonium]bis(undecahydrido-7-carbaundecaborate)chromate(III), bis[tri(n-butyl)ammonim]bis(undecahydrido-7-carbaundecaborate)manganate(IV), bis[tri(n-butyl)ammonium]bis(undecahydrido-7-carbaundecaborate)cobaltate(III) and bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] bis (undecahydrido-7-carbaundecaborate)nickelate (IV) .

The heteropoly compound comprises an atom of silicon, phosphorus, titanium, germanium, arsenic or tin and one or more atoms selected from vanadium, niobium, molybdenum and tungsten. Examples of such compounds include phosphovanadic acid, germanovanadic acid, arsenovanadic acid, phosphoniobic acid, germanoniobic acid, silicomolybdic acid, phosphom*olybdic acid, titanomolybdic acid, germanomolybdic acid, arsenomolybdic acid, stannomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, germanotungstic acid, stannotungstic acid, phosphom*olybdovanadic acid, phosphotungstovanadic acid, germanotaungstovanadic acid, phosphom*olybdotungstovanadic acid, germanomolybdotungstovanadic acid, phosphom*olybdotungstic acid, phosphom*olybdoniobic acid, metallic salts of these acids, specifically, salts of these acids, for example with metals of Group 1 or 2 of the periodic table such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium and organic salts of the above acids such as with triphenylethyl salt, but not limited thereto.

The ionizing ionic compounds (B-3) mentioned above may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds.

If the transition metal compound (A) is used as an olefin polymerization catalyst and an organoaluminum oxy-compound such as methylaluminoxane is used as a co-catalyst component in combination with the compound (A), the olefin polymerization catalyst exhibits extremely high polymerization activity to olefins.

In the present invention, the transition metal compound represented by any one of the formulas (I), (II-a), (II-b) and (III) may be used singly as an olefin polymerization catalyst, or there may be used an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising:

(A) the transition metal compound, and
(B) at least one compound selected from:
- (B-1) an organoaluminum compound,
- (B-2) an organoaluminum oxy-compound, and
- (B-3) a compound which reacts with the transition metal compound (A) to form an ion pair.

If the transition metal compound (A) represented by the formula (III) is used in combination with the component (B), a compound represented by the following formula (III-a) is formed in the polymerization system.

In the above formula, R¹⁰ to R¹⁵, M¹, m, n and X have the same meanings as those of R¹⁰ to R¹⁵, M¹, m, n and X in the formula (III), and Y is a so-called weak coordination anion.

In the formula (III-a), the bond between the metal M and Y may be a covalent bond or an ionic bond.

Y is, for example, a weak coordination anion described in "Chemical Review", vol. 88, p. 1405 (1988), "Chemical Review", vol. 97, p. 927 (1993), or WO98/30612, p. 6, and specific examples thereof include the following compounds:

AlR^4-

wherein each R may be the same or different and is an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituent containing any of these atoms, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a substituent wherein an aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group is substituted with an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom or a halogen atom, or a substituent wherein an aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group is substituted with a substituent having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom or a halogen atom;

BR^4-

wherein each R may be the same or different and is an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a halogen atom, a substituent containing any of these atoms, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a substituent wherein an aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group is substituted with an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom or a halogen atom, or a substituent wherein an aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group is substituted with a substituent having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom or a halogen atom; PF^6-; SbR^5-; trifluoromethane sulfonate; and p-toluene sulfonate.

The olefin polymerization catalyst employable in the invention can contain the following carrier (C) and/or the later-described organic compound (D), if necessary, in addition to the transition metal compound (A) and at least one compound (B) (sometimes referred to as a "component (B) " hereinafter) selected from the organometallic compound (B-1), the organoaluminum oxy-compound (B-2) and the ionizing ionic compound (B-3).

The carrier (C) optionally used in the invention is an inorganic or organic compound in the form of granular or particulate solid. As the inorganic compounds, porous oxides, inorganic halides, clay, clay minerals or ion-exchange layered compounds are preferable.

Examples of the porous oxides include SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, ZrO, TiO₂, B₂O₃, CaO, ZnO, BaO, ThO₂, and complex compounds or mixtures containing these oxides, such as natural or synthetic zeolite, SiO₂-MgO, SiO₂-Al₂O₃, SiO₂-TiO₂, SiO₂-V₂O₅, SiO₂-Cr₂O₃ and SiO₂-TiO₂-MgO. Of these, preferable are compounds containing SiO₂ and/or Al₂O₃ as the main component.

The inorganic oxides may contain small amounts of carbonate, sulfate, nitrate and oxide components, such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, CaCO₃, MgCO₃, Na₂SO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃, BaSO₄, KNO₃, Mg(NO₃)₂, Al(NO₃)₃, Na₂O, K₂O and Li₂O.

Although the porous oxides differ in their properties depending upon the type and the preparation process thereof, the carrier preferably used in the invention has a particle diameter of 10 to 300 µm, preferably 20 to 200 µm, a specific surface area of 50 to 1,000 m²/g, preferably 100 to 700 m²/g, and a pore volume of 0.3 to 3.0 cm³/g. If necessary, the carrier may be calcined at 100 to 1,000 °C, preferably 150 to 700 °C, prior to use.

Examples of the inorganic halides employable in the invention include MgCl₂, MgBr₂, MnCl₂ and MnBr₂. The inorganic halide may be used as it is, or may be used after pulverized by, for example, a ball mill or an oscillating mill. The inorganic halide may also be used as fine particles of a obtained by dissolving the inorganic chloride in a solvent such as alcohol and then precipitating using a precipitant.

The clay employable as a carrier in the invention is generally composed mainly of clay minerals. The ion-exchange layered-compounds employable as a carrier in the invention is compounds having a crystal structure wherein planes formed by ionic bonding or the like are laminated in parallel to one another with a weak bond strength, and the ions contained therein are exchangeable. Most of clay minerals are ion-exchange layered compounds. The clay, the clay minerals and the ion-exchange layered compounds employable in the invention are not limited to natural ones but include synthetic ones.

Examples of such clay, clay minerals and ion-exchange layered compounds include clay, clay minerals and ion crystalline compounds having layered crystal structures such as hexagonal closest packing type, antimony type, CdCl₂ type and CdI₂ type.

Particular Examples of the clay and the clay minerals include kaolin, bentonite, kibushi clay, gairome clay, allophane, hisingerite, pyrophyllite, mica, montmorillonite, vermiculite, chlorite, palygorskite, kaolinite, nacrite, dickite and halloysite. Particular examples of the ion-exchange layered compounds include crystalline acid salts of polyvalent metals, such as α-Zr(HAsO₄)₂·H₂O, α-Zr(HPO₄)₂, α-Zr(KPO₄)₂·3H₂O, α-Ti(HPO₄)₂, α-Ti (HAsO₄)₂·H20, α-Sn(HPO₄)₂H₂O, γ-Zr(HPO₄)₂, γ-Ti(HPO₄)₂ and γ-Ti(NH₄PO₄)₂·H₂O,

The clay, the clay minerals and the ion-exchange layered compounds are preferably those having a pore volume, as measured on pores having a radius of not less than 20 Å by a mercury penetration method, of not less than 0.1 cc/g, and are particularly preferably those having a pore volume of 0.3 to 5 cc/g. The pore volume is measured on the pores having a radius of 20 to 3×10⁴ Å by a mercury penetration method using a mercury porosimeter.

If a compound having a pore volume, as measured on pores having a radius of not less than 20 Å, of less than 0.1 cc/g is used as the carrier, high polymerization activity tends to be hardly obtained.

It is also preferable that the clay and the clay minerals to be used in the invention are subjected to chemical treatments. Any of surface treatments, for example, to remove impurities attached to the surface and to influence on the crystal structure of the clay, are employable. Examples of such chemical treatments include acid treatment, alkali treatment, salt treatment and organic substance treatment. The acid treatment can contribute to not only removing impurities from the surface but also eluting cations such as Al, Fe and Mg present in the crystal structure to increase the surface area. The alkali treatment can destroy crystal structure of clay to bring about change in the structure of the clay. The salt treatment and the organic substance treatment can produce, for example, ionic composites, molecular composites, or organic derivative to change the surface area or the distance between layers.

The ion-exchange layered compound for use in the invention may be a layered compound in which the exchangeable ions between layers have been exchanged with other large and bulky ions utilizing ion exchange properties to enlarge the distance between the layers. The bulky ion plays a pillar-like roll to support the layer structure and is generally called a "pillar". Introduction of other substances between layers of a layered compound is called "intercalation". Examples of the guest compounds to be intercalated include cationic inorganic compounds, such as TiCl₄ and ZrCl₄; metallic alkoxides, such as Ti(OR)₄, Zr(OR)₄, PO(OR)₃ and B(OR)₃ (R is a hydrocarbon group or the like); and metallic hydroxide ions, such as [Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄]⁷⁺, [Zr₄(OH)₁₄]²⁺ and [Fe₃O(OCOCH₃)₆]⁺.

The compounds mentioned above may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds.

The intercalation of the compounds may be carried out in the presence of polymers obtained by hydrolysis of metallic alkoxides such as Si(OR)₄, Al(OR)₃ and Ge(OR)₄ (R is a hydrocarbon group or the like) or in the presence of colloidal inorganic compounds such as SiO₂. Examples of the pillars include oxides produced by intercalation of the above-mentioned metallic hydroxide ions between layers, followed by dehydration under heating.

The clay, clay minerals and ion-exchange layered compounds mentioned above may be used as they are, or may be used after they are subjected to a treatment of ball milling, sieving or the like. Moreover, they may be used after they are subjected to water absorption or dehydration under heating. The clay, clay minerals and ion-exchange layered compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds.

Of the above-mentioned materials, preferable are clay and clay minerals, and particularly preferable are montmorillonite, vermiculite, hectorite, tenorite and synthetic mica.

The organic compound is, for example, a granular or particulate solid compound having a particle diameter of 10 to 300 µm. Examples of such compounds include (co)polymers produced using an α-olefin of 2 to 14 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene or 4-methyl-1-pentene as a main ingredient, (co)polymers produced using vinylcyclohexane or styrene as a main ingredient, and modified products thereof.

(D) Organic compound component

In the present invention, the organic compound component (D) is optionally used to irrprove polymerizability and properties of the resulting polymer. Examples of the organic compounds include alcohols, phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, phosphorus compounds and sulfonates, but not limited thereto.

As the alcohols and the phenolic compounds, those represented by R²⁸-OH (R²⁸ is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms) are generally employed.

Preferable alcohols are those wherein R²⁸ is a halogenated hydrocarbon group. Preferable phenolic compounds are preferably those wherein the α,α'-positions to the hydroxyl group are substituted with hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

As the carboxylic acids, those represented by R²⁹-COOH (R²⁹ is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms) are generally employed.

As the phosphorus compounds, phosphoric acids having P-O-H bond, phosphates having P-OR bond or P=O bond and phosphine oxide compounds are preferably employed.

The sulfonates used in the invention are those represented by the following formula (IX) :

In the above formula, M is an element of Group 1 to Group 14 of the periodic table.

R³⁰ is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms. m is an integer of 1 to 7, and 1≦n≦7.

In Fig. 1, an example of the process for preparing an olefin polymerization catalyst which is occasionally used in the present invention is shown.

Some examples of the processes are given below, though the methods to use the components and the order of feeding the components are optionally selected.

(1) The transition metal compound (A) is singly fed to the polymerization reactor.
(2) The transition metal compound (A) and the component (B) are fed to the polymerization reactor in an ordinary order.
(3) A catalyst component wherein the transition metal compound (A) is supported on the carrier (C) and the component (B) are fed to the polymerization reactor in an ordinary order.
(4) A catalyst component wherein the component (B) is supported on the carrier (C) and the transition metal compound (A) are fed to the polymerization reactor in an ordinary order.
(5) A catalyst component wherein the transition metal compound (A) and the component (B) are supported on the carrier (C) is fed to the polymerization reactor.

In the above processes (2) to (5), at least two of the catalyst components may be previously contacted with each other.

In the processes (4) and (5) in which the component (B) having been supported is used, the component (B) having been not supported may be added in an arbitrary order. In this case, these components (B) may be the same or different.

Onto the solid catalyst component wherein the transition metal compound (A) is supported on the carrier (C) or the transition metal compound (A) and the component (B) are supported on the carrier (C), an olefin may be prepolymerized, and on the thus prepolymerized solid catalyst component, a catalyst component may be further supported.

In the olefin polymerization process according to the invention, an olefin of 2 to 20 carbon atoms is polymerized or copolymerized in the presence of the olefin polymerization catalyst to obtain a polymer. Examples of the olefins of 2 to 20 carbon atoms include the same olefins as previously described.

In the present invention, the polymerization can be carried out as any of liquid phase polymerization such as solution polymerization or suspension polymerization and gas phase polymerization.

Examples of inert hydrocarbon media used for the liquid phase polymerization include aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane and kerosine; alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane; and mixtures of these hydrocarbons. The olefin itself can be used as a solvent.

In the polymerization using the olefin polymerization catalyst, the transition metal compound (A) is used in an amount of usually 10^-12 to 1 mol, preferably 10^-10 to 10^-2 mol, based on 1 liter of the reaction volume.

In the use of the component (B-1), the component (B-1) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio ((B-1)/M) of the component (B-1) to the transition metal atom (M) in the transition metal compound (A) becomes usually 0.01 to 100,000, preferably 0.05 to 50,000. In the use of the component (B-2), the component (B-2) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio ((B-2)/M) of the component (B-2) to the transition metal atom (M) in the transition metal compound (A) becomes usually 10 to 500,000, preferably 20 to 100,000. In the use of the component (B-3), the component (B-3) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio ((B-3)/M) of the component (B-3) to the transition metal atom (M) in the transition metal compound (A) becomes usually 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5.

When the component (D) is used and the component (B-1) is used as the component (B), the component (D) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio ((D)/(B-1)) becomes usually 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 5. When the component (D) is used and the component (B-2) is used as the component (B), the component (D) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio ((D) / (B-2)) becomes usually 0.001 to 2, preferably 0.005 to 1. When the component (D) is used and the component (B-3) is used as the component (B), the component (D) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio ((D)/(B-3)) becomes usually 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 5.

In the olefin polymerization using the olefin polymerization catalyst, the polymerization temperature is in the range of usually -40 to +200°C, preferably 0 to +100°C, and the polymerization pressure is in the range of usually atmospheric pressure to 100 kg/cm², preferably atmospheric pressure to 50 kg/cm². The polymerization reaction can be carried out by any one of batchwise, semi-continuous and continuous processes. It is possible to conduct the polymerization in two or more steps under the different reaction conditions.

The molecular weight of the resulting olefin polymer can be modified by controlling the monomer/catalyst ratio or the polymerization time.

By the process of the invention, an olefin polymer such as the aforesaid olefin polymer having a number-average molecular weight of not less than 500, preferably 500 to 10,000,000, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000,000, and Mw/Mn of not more than 1.5, preferably not more than 1.3, is obtained.

According to the process of the invention, an olefin polymer having a high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained with high polymerization activity, or an olefin tapered polymer or an olefin block copolymer precisely controlled in the structure can be obtained with high polymerization activity.

Another embodiment of the process for preparing an olefin polymer according to the invention comprises contacting the polymer obtained as above with a functional group-containing compound to prepare such an olefin polymer having a functional group at the terminal as previously described. A compound capable of being converted into a functional group is included in the functional group-containing compound.

Examples of the functional group-containing compounds or the compounds capable of being converted into a functional group include compounds having functional groups such as an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group and a metal atom-containing group. Specifically, there can be mentioned an aromatic vinyl compound, iodine, chlorine, bromine, carbon dioxide, an ester compound, an aldehyde compound, a carboxylic acid conpound, oxygen, an alkylamine compound, a silicon alkylhalide, an alkylaluminum compound, an alkylboron compound, an alkylzinc compound, an alkyllithium compound and the like.

After the contact with the functional group-containing compound, the functional group can be converted into another functional group by a known method.

In the contact of the olefin polymer with the functional group-containing compound, the temperature is in the range of -78 to +300°C, preferably -78 to +200°C, and the pressure is in the range of usually atmospheric pressure to 100 kg/cm², preferably atmospheric pressure to 50 kg/cm². The contact

The contact of the olefin polymer with the functional group-containing compound can be carried out in a solvent or without a solvent. Examples of the solvents employable herein include aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane and kerosine; alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane, cyclohexene and methylcyclopentane; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane; oxygen-containing compounds, such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and mixtures thereof.

To the monodisperse polyolefin or a polymer having a functional group at the terminal thereof, various additives may be added.

The monodisperse polyolefin or the polymer having a functional group at the terminal can be applied to various uses.

A composition containing the monodisperse polyolefin or the polymer having a functional group at the terminal can be molded into articles by a known molding method.

Examples of the uses of the polymers include automobile parts, such as side malls, bumpers, weatherstrips, glass run channels, boots and air duct hoses; industrial parts, such as packings, mats, belts and hoses; electric/electronic parts, such as electric wires, codes and silencing gears; sporting goods, such as sport shoes, ski shoes; and civil engineering/building materials, such as gaskets and water barrier sheets.

To the olefin polymers of the invention, thermoplastic resins, fillers, nucleating agents and additives used for polymers may be added in arbitrary amounts, and the polymers may be subjected to secondary modification such as crosslinking or blowing.

As the thermoplastic resins, crystalline thermoplastic resins, such as polyolefin, polyamide, polyester and polyacetal; and non-crystalline thermoplastic resins, such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide and polyacrylate, are employable. Polyvinyl chloride is also preferably employed.

Examples of the polyolefins include an ethylene polymer, a propylene polymer, a butene polymer, a 4-methyl-1-pentene polymer, a 3-methyl-1-butene polymer and a hexene polymer. Of these, an ethylene polymer, a propylene polymer and a 4-methyl-1-pentene polymer are preferable. As the ethylene polymer, an ethylene/polar-group containing vinyl copolymer is preferable.

Examples of the polyesters include aromatic polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polycaprolactone and polyhydroxybutyrate. Of these, polyethylene terephthalate is particularly preferable.

Examples of the polyamides include aliphatic polyamides, such as nylon-6, nylon-66, nylon-10, nylon-12 and nylon-46, and aromatic polyamides prepared from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diamines. Of these, nylon-6 is particularly preferable.

Example of the polyacetals include polyformaldehyde (polyoxymethylene), polyacetaldehyde, polypropionaldehyde and polybutylaldehyde. Of these, polyformaldehyde is particularly preferable.

The polystyrene may be a hom*opolymer of styrene or a bipolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate or α-methylstyrene.

As the ABS, preferably used is one comprising 20 to 35 % by mol of constituent units derived from acrylonitrile, 20 to 30 % by mol of constituent units derived from butadiene and 40 to 60 % by mol of constituent units derived from styrene.

Examples of the polycarbonates include polymers obtained from bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane. Of these, polycarbonate obtained from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane is particularly preferable.

As the polyphenylene oxide, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide) is preferably employed.

As the polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate or polybutyl acrylate is preferably employed.

The thermoplastic resins mentioned above may be used singly or in combination or two or more kinds.

The olefin block copolymer of the invention may further contain, in addition to the thermoplastic resin, a crosslinking agent, a filler, a crosslinking accelerator, a crosslinking assistant, a softener, a tackifier, an anti-aging agent, a blowing agent, a processing aid, an adhesion imparting agent, an inorganic filler, an organic filler, a nucleating agent, a heat stabilizer, a weathering stabilizer, an antistatic agent, a colorant, a lubricant, a flame retardant, an anti-blooming agent and the like.

Crosslinking agent

The crosslinking agent is, for example, sulfur, a sulfur compound or an organic peroxide. An organic peroxide having a temperature, at which the half-life period corresponds to 1 minute, of 130 to 200°C is preferable, and specifically, dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, t-butylcumyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexane or the like is preferable. When the organic peroxide is used as the crosslinking agent, it is preferable to use a crosslinking assistant in combination.

Of the various crosslinking agents, sulfur or a sulfur compound, particularly sulfur, is preferably used because a crosslinked product having excellent properties can be obtained. However, an organic peroxide is more preferably used because it has particularly excellent crosslinking efficiency.

Crosslinking accelerator

As the crosslinking accelerator, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, (CBZ), N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, N,N-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)mercaptobenzothiazole or the like is employed.

Crosslinking assistant

The crosslinking assistant is used for organic peroxide crosslinking. Examples of the crosslinking assistants include sulfur; quinone dioxime compounds, such as p-quinone dioxime and p,p'-dibenzoylquinone dioxime; and polyfunctional monomers, such as (meth)acrylate compounds (e.g., trimethylolpropane triacrylate and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate), allyl compounds (e.g., diallyl phthalate and triallyl cyanurate), maleimide compounds (e.g., N,N'-m-phenylenebismaleimide) and divinylbenzene.

Softener

As the softeners, those heretofore added to rubbers are widely used, and examples thereof include petroleum type softeners, such as process oil, lubricating oil, paraffin, liquid paraffin, petroleum asphalt and vaseline; coal tar type softeners, such as coal tar and coal tar pitch; aliphatic oil type softeners, such as castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil and coconut oil; tall oil; factice; waxes, such as beeswax, carnauba wax and lanoline; fatty acids and fatty acid salts, such as ricinolic acid, palmitic acid, barium stearate, calcium stearate and zinc laurate; and synthetic polymer materials, such as petroleum resin, atactic polypropylene and coumarone-indene resin. Of these, petroleum type softeners are preferably employed, and process oil is particularly preferably employed.

Blowing agent

As the blowing agents, those generally used for blow-molding of rubbers are widely used, and examples thereof include inorganic blowing agents, such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium nitrite; nitroso compounds, such as N,N'-dimethyl-N'N'-dinitrosoterephthalamide and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine; azo compounds, such as azodicarbonamide, azobisisobutyronitrile, azocyclohexylnitrile, azodiaminobenzene and barium azodicarboxylate; sulfonyl hydrazide compounds, such as benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, p,p'-oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide) and diphenylsulfon-3,3'-disulfonyl hydrazide; and azide compounds, such as calcium azide, 4,4-diphenyldisulfonyl azide and p-toluenesulfonyl azide. Of these, preferable are nitroso compounds, azo compounds and azide compounds.

Blowing assistant

The blowing assistant can be used in combination with the blowing agent. Use of the blowing assistant in combination contributes to lowering of decomposition temperature of the blowing agent, acceleration of decomposition thereof and production of uniform bubbles. Examples of such blowing assistants include organic acids, such as salicylic acid, phthalic acid, stearic acid and oxalic acid; and urea or its derivatives.

Processing aid

Examples of the processing aids include acids, such as ricinolic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid; salts of these higher fatty acids, such as barium stearate, zinc stearate and calcium stearate; and esters.

Adhesion imparting agent

The adhesion imparting agent is an agent to improve adhesion between a crosslinked product and a decorative layer such as a coating film, and examples of such agents include an organotin compound, a tertiary amine compound, a hydroxyl group-containing (co)polymer and a metallic hydroxide.

Inorganic filler

Examples of the inorganic fillers include silica, diatomaceous earth, alumina, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, pumice powder, pumice balloon, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, basic magnesium carbonate, dolomite, calcium sulfate, calcium titanate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfite, talc, clay, mica, asbestos, glass fiber, glass flake, glass bead, calcium silicate, montmorillonite, bentonite, graphite, aluminum powder and molybdenum sulfide.

Above all, layered compounds are preferably employed, and clay minerals having swelling/cleavage properties in dispersion media are particularly preferably employed. The clay minerals are generally classified into a type of two-layer structure consisting of a tetrahedral layer of silica and an octahedral layer containing aluminum or magnesium as a central metal provided on the tetrahedral layer and a type of three-layer structure consisting of tetrahedral layers of silica and an octahedral layer containing aluminum or magnesium as a central metal sandwiched between the tetrahedral layers. The two-layer structure type (former type) is, for example, a kaolinite group or an antigorite group, and the three-layer structure type (latter type) is, for example, a smectite group, a vermiculite group or a mica group that is grouped according to the number of interlaminar cations.

Specific examples of the clay minerals include kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite, antigorite, chrysotile, pyrophyllite, montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, sauconite, stevensite, hectorite, tetrasilicic mica, sodium taeniorite, muscovite, margarite, talc, vermiculite, phlogopite, xanthophyllite and chlorite.

Clay minerals having been treated with organic materials (sometimes referred to as "organic modified clay minerals") are also employable as the inorganic layered compounds. (On the clay minerals having been treated with organic materials, see "Dictionary of Clay" by Asakura Shoten.)

Of the above clay minerals, preferable are a smectite group, a vermiculite group and a mica group, and more preferable is a smectite group, from the viewpoints of swelling properties or cleavage properties. Examples of the smectite group clay minerals include montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, sauconite, stevensite and hectorite.

Examples of the dispersion media by which the inorganic layered compounds are swollen or cleaved are as follows. In case of the swelling clay minerals, there can be mentioned water, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone. Of these, water and alcohol such as methanol are preferable.

In case of the organic modified clay minerals, there can be mentioned aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene and xylene, ethers, such as ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-octane, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, methyl methacrylate (MMA), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl cellosolve and silicone oil.

Nucleating agent

As the nucleating agents, various nucleating agents hitherto known are used without specific limitation. Examples of the nucleating agents include the following aromatic phosphoric ester salt, benzylidenesorbitol, aromatic carboxylic acid and rosin nucleating agent.

Examples of aromatic phosphoric ester salt are compounds represented by the following formula (1).

In the above formula, R⁴¹ is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R⁴² and R⁴³ are each a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may be the same or different, and R⁴²s, R⁴³s or R⁴² and R⁴³ may be bonded to each other to form a ring; M is a metal atom having a valency of 1 to 3; and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Concrete examples of the compounds represented by the above formula (1) include sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, lithium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phoshate, lithium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4-i-propyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, lithium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, lithium-2,2'-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, calcium-bis(2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), calcium-bis(2,2'-thiobis 4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), calcium-bis(2,2'-thiobis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), magnecium-bis(2,2'-thiobis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), magnecium-bis(2,2'-thiobis(4-t-octylphenyl)phosphate), sodium-2,2'-butylidene-bis(4,6-di-methylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-butylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-buthylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-t-octylmethylene-bis(4,6-di-methylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-t-octylmethylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, calcium-bis(2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), magnecium-bis(2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), barium-bis(2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-(4,4'-dimethyl-5,6'-di-t-butyl-2,2'-biphenyl)phosphate, calcium-bis- ((4,4'-dimethyl-6,6'-di-t-butyl-2,2'-biphenyl)phosphate), sodium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4-m-butyl-6-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-methylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-ethylphenyl)phosphate, potassium-2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, calcium-bis(2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), magnecium-bis(2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), barium-bis(2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), aluminium-tris(2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate) and aluminium-tris(2,2'-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate), and mixtures of two or more thereof. Particularly preferable is sodium-2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphate.

Examples of aromatic phosphoric ester salt are compounds represented by the following formula (2).

In the above formula, R⁴⁴ is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; M is a metal atom having a valency of 1 to 3; and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Concrete examples of the compounds represented by the above formula (2) include sodium-bis (4-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, sodium-bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-bis(4-ethylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-bis(4-i-propylphenyl)phosphate, sodium-bis(4-t-octylphenyl)phosphate, potassium-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, calcium-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, magnecium-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, lithium-bis(4-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, aluminum-bis (4-t-butylphenyl)phosphate, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Particularly preferable is sodium-bis(4-t-butylphenyl) phosphate.

The benzylidenesorbitol is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (3) :

wherein each R⁴⁵ may be the same or different and is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and m and n are each an integer of 0 to 5.

Examples of the compounds represented by the formula (3) include 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-benzylidene-2,4-p-methylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-benzylidene-2,4-p-ethylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-ethylbenzylidene-2,4-benzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2,4-p-ethylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-ethylbenzylidene-2,4-p-methylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-n-propylbenzylidene) sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-i-propylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-n-butylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-s-butylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-t-butylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(2',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-methoxybenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-ethoxybenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3-benzylidene-2-4-p-chlorobenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2-4-benzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2-4-p-methylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2-4-p-ethylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-methylbenzylidene-2-4-p-chlorobenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3-p-ethylbenzylidene-2-4-p-chlorobenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-chlorobenzylidene)sorbitol, and mixtures of two or more of these compounds. Of these, preferable are 1,3,2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3-p-chlorobenzylidene-2-4-p-methylbenzylidenesorbitol, 1,3,2,4-di(p-chlorobenzylidene)sorbitol, and mixtures of two or more of these compounds.

Of the above benzylidenesorbitols, preferable is a compound represented by the following formula (4):

wherein each R⁴⁵ may be the same or different and is methyl or ethyl.

The aromatic carboxylic acid is, for example, aluminumhydroxydipara-t-butyl benzoate represented by the following formula (5) :

The rosin type nucleating agent is, for example, a metallic salt of a rosin acid, and the metallic salt of a rosin acid is a reaction product of a rosin acid and a metallic compound. Examples of the rosin acids include natural rosins, such as gum rosin, tall oil rosin and wood rosin; various modified rosins, such as disproportionated rosin, hydrogenated rosin, dehydrogenated rosin, polymerized rosin and α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid-modified rosin; purified products of the natural rosins; and purified products of the modified rosins. Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids used for preparing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid-modified rosins include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, acrylic acid ad methacrylic acid. Of the above rosins, preferable is at least one rosin acid selected from the group consisting of a natural rosin, a modified rosin, a purified product of a natural rosin and a purified product of a modified rosin. The rosin acid contains plural resin acids selected from pimaric acid, sandarachpimaric acid, parastric acid, isopimaric acid, abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, dihydropimaric acid, dihydroabietic acid and tetrahydroabietic acid.

The metallic compound which reacts with the rosin acid to form a metallic salt is, for example, a compound which contains a metallic element, such as sodium, potassium or magnesium, and forms a salt together with the rosin acid. Examples of the metallic salts include chlorides, nitrates, acetates, sulfates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of the above metals. Other examples of the nucleating agents include high-melting point polymers, metallic salts of aromatic carboxylic acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic compounds.

Examples of the high-melting point polymers include polyvinylcycloalkanes, such as polyvinylcyclohexane and polyvinylcyclopentane, poly-3-methyl-2-pentene, poly-3-methyl-1-butene, and polyalkenylsilanes.

Examples of the metallic salts of aromatic carboxylic acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids include aluminum benzoate, aluminum p-t-butylbenzoate, sodium adipate, sodium thiophenecarboxylate and pyrrolecarboxylic acid.

Molding method

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be subjected to various molding methods such as extrusion molding, injection molding, blow molding, press molding and stamping.

The olefin copolymer can be molded into sheets or films (unstretched) by extrusion molding.

Stretched films can be obtained by stretching the extruded sheets or extruded films (unstretched) through tentering (lengthwise-crosswise stretching, crosswise-lengthwise stretching), simultaneous biaxial orientation or monoaxial stretching. From the olefin copolymer of the invention, inflation films can also be produced.

Filaments can be produced by, for example, extruding a molten olefin copolymer through spinneret. The filaments may be produced by a melt blowing method.

Injection molded products can be produced by injection molding the olefin copolymer into various shapes by the use of hitherto known injection molding machines under the known conditions. The injection molded products obtained from the olefin copolymer of the invention are hardly electrostatically charged and have excellent rigidity, heat resistance, impact resistance, surface gloss, chemical resistance and abrasion resistance, so that they can be broadly used as automobile interior trim, automobile exterior trim, housings of electric appliances, containers, etc.

Blow molded products can be produced by the use of hitherto known blow molding machines under the known conditions.

In the injection molding method, the olefin copolymer of the invention is injected into a parison mold at a resin temperature of 100 to 300°C to form a parison, then the parison is held in a mold of desired shape, and air is blown into the parison to fit the parison into the mold, whereby a blow molded product can be produced.

The stamping method is, for example, stamping molding. In this method, a base material and a skin material are press molded at the same time to perform integral molding (stamping molding), and the olefin copolymer can be used as the base material.

Use application

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be applied to various uses, and for example, it can be used for film laminates, sheet laminates and modifiers.

Examples of the laminates containing at least one layer formed from the olefin copolymer of the invention include agricultural film, wrapping film, shrink film, protective film, separating film such as blood plasma separating film or water selective permeation vaporizing film, ion exchange film, battery separator, and selective separating film such as optical resolution film.

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used as a modifier for rubbers.

Examples of the rubbers include crosslinked rubbers, such as natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), acrylonitrile/butadiene rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), ethylene/propylene rubber (EPM, EPDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), acrylic rubber (ACM, ANM, etc.), epichlorohydrin rubber (CO, ECO, etc.), silicone rubber (Q) and fluororubber (FKM, etc.); and thermoplastic rubbers, such as rubbers of styrene type, olefin type, urethane type, ester type, amide type and vinyl chloride type.

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used as a modifier for lubricating oils, such as gasoline engine oil, diesel engine oil, marine engine oil, gear oil, machine oil, metal working oil, motor oil, machine oil, spindle oil and insulating oil. The olefin copolymer can be used as a viscosity modifier or a freezing point depressant of these lubricating oils.

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used as a modifier for waxes. Examples of the waxes include mineral waxes, such as montan wax, peat wax, ozokerite/ceresin wax and petroleum wax; synthetic waxes, such as polyethylene, Fischer-Tropsch wax, chemically modified hydrocarbon wax and substituted amide wax; vegetable waxes; and animal waxes.

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used as a modifier for cement. Examples of the cement include air setting cement, such as lime, gypsum and magnesia cement; water setting cement, such as Roman cement, natural cement, Portland cement, alumina cement and high sulfuric salt slag cement; and special cements, such as acid proof cement, refractory cement, water glass cement and dental cement.

Viscosity modifier, Moldability improver

The olefin polymer of the invention can be used as a viscosity modifier or a moldability improver for inks and paints, such as letterpress printing ink, lithographic printing ink, flexo graphic ink, gravure ink, oil paint, cellulose derivative paint, synthetic resin paint, water baking paint, powdery water paint and Japanese lacquer.

Building material, Civil engineering material

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used for building/civil engineering resins and building/civil engineering molded products, such as flooring, floor tile, floor sheet, sound insulating sheet, heat insulating panel, damping material, decorative sheet, baseboard, asphalt modifier, gasket, sealing material, roofing sheet and cut-off sheet.

Automobile interior or exterior trim, Gasoline tank

The olefin polymer of the invention can be used for automobile interior or exterior trim and gasoline tank.

Electric or electronic parts

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used for electric or electronic parts. Examples of the electric or electronic parts include electric insulating materials, electronic part treating instruments, magnetic recording media, binders of magnetic recording media, sealing materials of electric circuits, materials of electric appliances, base materials of containers such as electronic oven containers, films for electronic ovens, polymer electrolyte base materials and conductive alloy base materials. Other examples of the electric or electronic parts include electric or electronic parts, such as connector, socket, resistor, relay case switch coil bobbin, condenser, variable condenser case, optical pickup, optical connector, vibrator, various terminal assemblies, transformer, plug, printed wiring board, tuner, speaker, microphone, headphone, small motor, magnetic head base, power module, housing, semiconductor, liquid crystal display parts, FDD carriage, FDD chassis, HDD parts, motor blush holder, parabola antenna and computer associated parts, VTR parts, TV parts, iron, hair dryer, rice cooker parts, electronic oven parts, acoustic instrument parts, audio machine parts such as audio laser disc and compact disc, domestic or office electric appliance parts, such as light fitment parts, refrigerator parts, air conditioner parts, typewriter parts and word processor parts, office computer associated parts, telephone associated parts, facsimile associated parts, copy machine associated parts, electromagnetic shielding material, speaker cone material, and vibrating element for speaker.

Aqueous emulsion

An aqueous emulsion containing the olefin copolymer of the invention can be used as an adhesive for polyolefins of excellent heat sealing properties.

Medical or hygienic material

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used for medical goods, such as nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric laminate, electret, medical tube, medical container, transfusion bag, prefill syringe and syringe, medical materials, artificial organs, artificial muscles, filter films, food sanitation/health goods, retort bags, and freshness keeping films.

Miscellaneous goods

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used for stationery, such as desk mat, cutting mat, ruler, pen holder, pen grip, pen cap, scissors grip, cutter grip, magnet sheet, pen case, paper holder, binder, label seal, tape and white board; daily use miscellaneous goods, such as clothing, curtain, sheet, carpet, entrance hall mat, bath mat, bucket, hose, bag, planter, air conditioner filter, exhaust fan filter, tableware, tray, cup, lunch box, coffee maker funnel, eyeglass frame, container, storage case, hanger, rope and washing net; sporting goods, such as shoes, goggles, skis, racket, ball, tent, swimming goggles, swim fin, fishing rod, cooler box, leisure sheet and sporting net; toys, such as block and cards; containers, such as kerosine can, drum, detergent bottle and shampoo bottle; and display goods, such as signboard, pylon and plastic chain.

Filler modifier

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be favorably used as an additive for preparing a filler dispersibility improver or a dispersibility-improved filler.

Compatibilizing agent

The olefin copolymer of the invention having a functional group at the terminal can be used as a compatibilizing agent. When the olefin copolymer of the invention is used as a compatibilizing agent, a polyolefin and a polar group-containing thermoplastic resin can be mixed in an arbitrary mixing ratio. The olefin copolymer has a polyolefin segment and a functional group, so that inherently incompatible components can be compatibilized with each other by the use of the copolymer.

Other uses

The olefin copolymer of the invention can be used for microcapsules, PTP packages, chemical bulbs, drug delivery system, etc.

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION

The olefin polymer according to the invention exhibits various useful properties.

According to the process for preparing an olefin polymer of the invention, an olefin polymer having a high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained at high polymerization temperatures with high polymerization activities.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples, but it should be construed that the invention is in no way limited to those examples.

The structures of the compounds obtained in the synthesis examples were determined by means of ¹H-NMR and FD-mass spectrometry (Japan Electron Optics Laboratory SX-102A).

Synthesis Example 1

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100 ml of toluene, 10.34 g (56.5 mmol) of pentafluoroaniline, 6.68 g (75.4 %, 28.2 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of acetic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for 7 hours. After the solution was allowed to stand for cooling, a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid was added as a catalyst, and they were refluxed with stirring for 2.5 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature, then filtered to remove the catalyst and vacuum concentrated. The residue was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 8.47 g (yield: 88 %) of yellow solids represented by the following formula (a).

In a 50 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.043 g (3.00 mmol) of the compound (a) obtained above and 30 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 2.05 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.54 N, 3.15 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and then the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, the reaction solution was slowly added to an ether slurry of 3.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 1.50 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated until the amount of the liquid became about 5 ml. The solids precipitated were collected and washed with hexane. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 0.381 g (yield: 32 %) of a brown compound represented by the following formula (1). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (1) resulted in 802 (M+).

Synthesis Example 2

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100 ml of toluene, 3.82 g (26.0 mmol) of 2,4,6-trifluoroaniline, 2.32 g (13.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for 4 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature, then filtered to remove the catalyst and vacuum concentrated. The residue was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 3.79 g (yield: 95 %) of a yellow oil represented by the following formula (b).

In a 50 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.23 g (4.00 mmol) of the compound (b) obtained above and 30 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 2.63 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 N, 4.20 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and then the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the reaction solution was slowly added to an ether slurry of 4.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 1.50 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated. Then, 5 ml of ether and 30 ml of hexane were added, and the solids precipitated were collected and washed with hexane. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 0.550 g (yield: 38 %) of a reddish brown compound represented by the following formula (2). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (2) resulted in 730 (M+).

Synthesis Example 3

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 30 ml of ethanol, 5.16 g (40.0 mmol) of 2,6-difluoroaniline, 3.58 g (20.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of acetic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring. With further adding a small amount of acetic acid, the mixture was refluxed with stirring for 150 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature and then vacuum concentrated. The residue was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 4.76 g (yield: 82.2 %) of yellow solids represented by the following formula (c).

In a 30 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.16 g (4.00 mmol) of the compound (c) obtained above and 20 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 2.50 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.6 N, 4.00 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and then the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, the reaction solution was slowly added to an ether slurry of 4.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 2.00 mmol) having been cooled to - 78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the solids obtained were washed with a small amount of methylene chloride. The filtrate and the washing liquid were vacuum concentrated, and the resulting solids were collected and suspended in 15 ml of ether. The precipitate was filtered and then washed with a small amount of ether and hexane. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 1.059 g (yield: 76 %) of a brown compound represented by the following formula (3). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (3) resulted in 694 (M+).

Synthesis Example 4

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100 ml of toluene, 2.89 g (26.0 mmol) of o-fluoroaniline, 2.32 g (13.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for 5 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature, then filtered to remove the catalyst and vacuum concentrated. The residue was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 3.45 g (yield: 98 %) of a yellow oil represented by the following formula (d).

In a 30 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.01 g (4.00 mmol) of the compound (d) obtained above and 30 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 2.63 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 N, 4.20 mml) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and then the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the reaction solution was slowly added to an ether slurry of 4.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 2.00 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated. Then, 5 ml of ether and 30 ml of hexane were added, and the solids precipitated were collected and washed with hexane. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 0.530 g (yield: 40 %) of a reddish brown compound represented by the following formula (4). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (4) resulted in 658 (M+).

Synthesis Example 5

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100 ml of toluene, 3.19 g (8.0 mmol) of 1H,1H-perfluorooctylamine, 1.43 g (8.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for 14 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature, then filtered to remove the catalyst and vacuum concentrated, to obtain 4.04 g (yield: 90 %) of yellow solids represented by the following formula (e).

In a 30 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.12 g (2.00 mmol) of the compound (e) obtained above and 30 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 1.31 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 N, 2.10 mml) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and then the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the reaction solution was slowly added to an ether slurry of 2.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 1.00 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated. Then, 3 ml of ether and 20 ml of hexane were added, and the solids precipitated were collected and washed with hexane. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 0.183 g (yield: 15 %) of a reddish brown compound represented by the following formula (5). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (5) resulted in 1234 (M+).

Synthesis Example 6

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100 ml of toluene, 4.66 g (20.0 mmol) of 4-trifluoromethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroaniline, 1.78 g (10.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for 53 hours. The starting material was confirmed by the GC analysis, so that 2.33 g (10.0 mmol) of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylaniline was further added, and the mixture was heated and refluxed with stirring for 7 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature, then filtered to remove the catalyst and vacuum concentrated. The residue was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 2.53 g (yield: 64 %) of light yellow solids represented by the following formula (f).

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with argon, 0.15 g (3.80 mmol) of sodium hydride was placed and washed twice with 10 ml of hexane. Then, 30 ml of diethyl ether was added to give a suspension. With stirring the suspension at room temperature, 20 ml of a diethyl ether solution containing the compound (f) obtained above was dropwise added over a period of 20 minutes, followed by further stirring for 2 hours. The solution was cooled to -78°C, and thereto was dropwise added 3.75 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 1.88 mml) over a period of 5 minutes. After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction solution was slowly heated to room temperature. After the solution was further stirred for 12 hours at room temperature, the resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated. Then, ether was added, and the solids precipitated were collected and vacuum dried to obtain 0.76 g (yield: 45 %) of a reddish brown powder represented by the following formula (6). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (6) resulted in 902 (M+).

Synthesis Example 7

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 16.2 ml of ethylmagnesium bromide (ether solution, 3M, 48.6 mmol) and 50 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were placed. Then, a solution of 11.2 g (46.2 mmol) of 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-methylphenol in 50 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was dropwise added over a period of 20 minutes with ice cooling. After the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature. To the solution, 300 ml of toluene was added, and the mixture was heated with stirring to distill off the tetrahydrofuran and the diethyl ether. After cooling to room temperature, 3.80 g (127 mmol) of paraformaldehyde and 7.1 g (70.2 mmol) of triethylamine were added, and the mixture was heated with stirring at 80 to 90 °C for 20 minutes. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature, and thereto was added 200 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid with ice cooling. Then, 300 ml of diethyl ether was added to perform phase separation, and the organic layer was washed twice with 200 ml of water and then with a sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution. The resulting solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then vacuum concentrated. The resulting crystals were vacuum dried to obtain 10.5 g (yield: 84 %) of a yellow compound represented by the following formula (g) (wherein Adm denotes an adamantyl group).

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 80 ml of toluene, 2.75 g (15.0 mmol) of pentafluoroaniline, 4.07 g (99.7 %, 15.0 mmol) of the compound (g) obtained above and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for five and half hours. After the reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Then, 50 ml of methanol was added, and the mixture was stirred and filtered. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 4.38 g (yield: 67 %) of yellow solids represented by the following formula (g').

In a 50 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.35 g (3.00 mmol) of the compound (g') obtained above and 20 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 1.89 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.59 N, 3.00 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours and then slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, the solution was dropwise added to 20 ml of a tetrahydrofuran solution of 3.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 1.50 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the dropwise addition was completed, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. Then, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. To the resulting solids, 40 ml of methylene chloride was added. The mixture was stirred and filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated. The solids precipitated were reprecipitated with hexane, and the resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 0.334 g (yield: 23 %) of a brown compound represented by the following formula (7). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (7) resulted in 986 (M+).

Synthesis Example 8

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100·ml of toluene, 4.19 g (26.0 mmol) of o-trifluoromethylaniline, 2.32 g (13.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst were placed, and they were heated and refluxed with stirring for 5 hours. The reaction solution was allowed to stand for cooling to room temperature, then filtered to remove the catalyst and vacuum concentrated. The residue was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 3.20 g (yield: 77 %) of a yellow oil represented by the following formula (h).

In a 30 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.29 g (4.00 mmol) of the compound (h) obtained above and 30 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 2.63 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 N, 4.20 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, and then the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. After stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the reaction solution was slowly added to an ether slurry of 4.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 2.00 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the filtrate was vacuum concentrated. Then, 5 ml of ether and 30 ml of hexane were added, and the solids precipitated were collected and washed with hexane. The resulting solids were vacuum dried to obtain 0.80 g (yield: 53 %) of a reddish brown compound represented by the following formula (8). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (8) resulted in 758 (M+).

Synthesis Example 9

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 55 ml of ethanol and 3.44 g (15.0 mmol) of 3,5-ditrifluoromethylaniline were placed, and they were stirred. To the solution, 1.79 g (10.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde was added, followed by stirring for 19 hours at room temperature. Then, 6.00 g of molecular sieves 4A were added, and the mixture was heated and refluxed with stirring for 5 hours. The solids were removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated. The resulting solids were purified by a silica gel column to obtain 0.92 g (yield: 72 %) of yellow solids represented by the following formula (i).

In a 30 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 0.779 g (2.00 mmol) of the compound (i) obtained above and 20 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 1.43 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.54 N, 2.20 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes, followed by stirring for 3 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours with slowly heating to room temperature and then slowly added to an ether slurry of 2.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 1.00 mmol) having been cooled to - 78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the solution was ' concentrated to 10 ml. The crystals obtained by filtration were washed with hexane and vacuum dried to obtain 0.269 g (yield: 30.1 %) of a reddish brown compound represented by the following formula (9). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (9) resulted in 894 (M+).

Synthesis Example 10

In a 200 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 100 ml of toluene and 3.36 g (26.0 mmol) of 3,5-difluoroaniline were placed, followed by stirring. To the solution, 2.32 g (13.0 mmol) of 3-t-butylsalicylaldehyde and a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added, and the mixture was heated and refluxed with stirring for 6.5 hours. The solids were removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated. The concentrate was purified by a silica gel column to obtain 3.32 g (yield: 89 %) of yellow solids represented by the following formula (j).

In a 50 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 1.16 g (4.00 mmol) of the compound (j) obtained above and 3 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to -78°C and stirred. To the solution, 2.63 ml of n-butyllithium (n-hexane solution, 1.60 N, 4.20 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 5 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 12 hours with slowly heating to room temperature and then slowly added to an ether slurry of 4.00 ml of titanium tetrachloride (heptane solution, 0.5 M, 2.00 mmol) having been cooled to -78°C. After the addition, the mixture was slowly heated to room temperature. The resulting dark red slurry was filtered, and the solution was concentrated. The crystals obtained by filtration were washed with hexane and vacuum dried to obtain 0.958 g (yield: 69 %) of a reddish brown compound represented by the following formula (10). The FD-mass spectrometry of the compound (10) resulted in 694 (M+).

Synthesis Example 11

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 2.00 g (5.27 mmol) of hafnocene dichloride and 40 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether were placed, and the solution was cooled to 0°C and stirred. To the solution, 9.6 ml of methyllithium (ether solution, 1.14 N, 10.9 mmol) was dropwise added over a period of 45 minutes, followed by stirring for 2 hours. Then, the mixture was slowly heated to 0°C. After stirring for 30 minutes at 0°C, insolubles were removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated, and to the concentrate was added 10 ml of ether to give a suspension. Then, insolubles were removed again, and the solution was vacuum concentrated to obtain 1.79 g (quantitative yield) of a light yellow compound represented by the following formula (11).

Example 1

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of toluene was placed, and a mixed gas of ethylene (50 l/hr) and propylene (150 l/hr) was fed to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. Thereafter, 1.25 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and then 0.005 mmol of the titanium compound (1) were added to initiate polymerization. After the polymerization was conducted at 50°C for 5 minutes, a small amount of isobutanol was added to terminate the polymerization.

The resulting polymer solution was introduced into 1.5 liters of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid to precipitate a polymer. The polymer precipitated was washed with methanol and then vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours. Thus, 0.794 g of an ethylene/propylene copolymer was obtained. The polymerization activity was 1.91 kg/hr based con 1 mmol of titanium. The propylene content as measured by IR was 13.3 % by mol, the molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC was 159,000, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.09.

Example 2

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polymerization time was changed to 10 minutes. Thus, 1.318 g of an ethylene/propylene copolymer was obtained. The polymerization activity was 1.58 kg/hr based on 1 nmol of titanium. The propylene content as measured by IR was 15.0 % by mol, the molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC was 233,000, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.16.

Example 3

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polymerization time was changed to 20 minutes. Thus, 2.225 g of an ethylene/propylene copolymer was obtained. The polymerization activity was 1.34 kg/hr based on 1 mmol of titanium. The propylene content as measured by IR was 15.4 % by mol, the molecular weight (Mn) as measured by GPC was 345,000, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.29.

Example 4

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of toluene was placed, and propylene was fed to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. Thereafter, 2.50 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and then 0.01 mmol of the titanium compound (1) were added to initiate polymerization. After the reaction was conducted at 25°C for 30 minutes, a small amount of isobutanol was added to terminate the polymerization. After the polymerization was completed, the reaction product was introduced into methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid to precipitate the whole polymer, followed by filtration over a glass filter. The resulting polymer was vacuum dried at 80°C for 10 hours to obtain 0.4 mg of polypropylene (PP). The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw, in terms of PP) of the resulting PP were 4,200 and 4,400, respectively, and Mw/Mn was 1.05.

Example 5

Polypropylene (PP) of 96 mg was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the polymerization time was prolonged to 3 hours. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw, in terms of PP) of the resulting PP were 20,500 and 22,400, respectively, and Mw/Mn was 1.09.

Example 6

Polypropylene (PP) of 180 mg was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the polymerization time was prolonged to 5 hours. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the resulting PP were 28,500 and 31,600, respectively, and Mw/Mn was 1.11. Measurement of the melting point of the polymer by DSC resulted in 139°C.

Example 7

Polypropylene (PP) of 376 mg was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the titanium compound (6) was used instead of the titanium compound (1) and the polymerization time was prolonged to 5 hours. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw, in terms of PP) of the resulting PP were 52,000 and 66,200, respectively, and Mw/Mn was 1.27.

Example 8

In a 1 liter stainless steel autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 380 ml of heptene was placed, and propylene was fed at 25°C to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. Thereafter, 2.5 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and 0.01 mmol of the titanium compound (1) were added, and polymerization was conducted for 3 hours at a propylene pressure of 5 kg/cm²-G.

To the resulting polymer suspension, 1.5 liters of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid were added to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter to remove the solvent, then washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 80°C for 10 hours. Thus, 0.691 g of polypropylene was obtained. Mn (in terms of PP) as measured by GPC was 78,000, Mw/Mn was 1.15, and Tm was 134.8°C.

Example 9

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as described above, except that the polymerization time was changed to 5 hours. Thus, 1.125 g of polypropylene was obtained. Mn (in terms of PP) as measured by GPC was 138,000, Mw/Nhz was 1.11, and Tm was 130.5°C.

Example 10

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of toluene was placed, and a mixed gas of ethylene and butene (ethylene: 40 l/hr, butene: 60 l/hr) was blown into the autoclave for 20 minutes. Thereafter, 1.25 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and then 0.001 mmol of the titanium compound (1) were added to initiate polymerization. After the reaction was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes with blowing the mixed gas into the autoclave, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the polymerization. After the polymerization was completed, the reaction product was introduced into methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid dissolved therein to precipitate a polymer, followed by filtration over a glass filter. The resulting polymer was vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 0.056 g of an ethylene/butene copolymer. The polymerization activity was 0.67 kg based on 1 mmol of titanium. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer was 49,100, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.14, and the butene content was 8.4 % by mol.

Examples 11 - 14

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Example 10, except that the feed rates of ethylene and butene, the polymerization time and the polymerization temperature were changed as shown in Table 2. The polymerization activity, molecular weight of the resulting polymer and molecular weight distribution are set forth in Table 2.

Table 2

Ex.

Titanium compound

Time

Ethylene/ butene feed rate

Yield

Activity

Mw/Mn

Butene content

amount (mmol)

(min)

(L/h)

(g)

Kg/mmol-Ti·h)

(×10⁴)

(mol%)

0.001

40/60

0.056

0.67

4.91

5.61

1.14

8.4

0.001

40/60

0.087

0.52

6.90

7.82

1.13

10.5

0.001

70/30

0.258

3.10

16.1

18.9

1.17

3.7

0.001

70/30

0.456

2.74

22.4

27.9

1.24

3.7

0.001

50/30

0.088

1.06

731

8.28

1.13

5.9

Example 15

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 200 ml of dry toluene was placed, and 1-butene was passed through the autoclave for 40 minutes at a rate of 100 l/hr. Then, the polymerization temperature was maintained at 25°C, and 5.00 mmol (in terms of aluminum) of methylaluminoxane was added. Subsequently, 0.05 ml of the titanium compound (1) was added, and a mixed gas of ethylene and 1-butene (ethylene: 20 l/hr, 1-butene: 80 l/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 60 minutes. Then, 20 ml of isobutyl alcohol was added to terminate the reaction. Subsequently, 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes in a stream of nitrogen. The polymer solution was poured into 1.5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer, followed by stirring for one night by a magnetic stirrer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter and dried at 80°C for 10 hours under reduced pressure to obtain 1.79 g of an ethylene/1-butene copolymer. As a result of GPC analysis, the number-average molecular weight was 29,000, and Mw/Mn was 1.15 (in terms of polyethylene) . As a result of IR analysis, the 1-butene content was 22.8 % by mol.

Example 16

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 200 ml of dry toluene was placed, and 1-butene was passed through the autoclave for 40 minutes at a rate of 100 1/hr. Then, the polymerization temperature was maintained at 25°C, and 5.00 mmol (in terms of aluminum) of methylaluminoxane was added. Subsequently, 0.05 mnol of a catalyst was added, and a mixed gas of ethylene and 1-butene (ethylene: 40 1/hr, 1-butene: 60 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. Then, 20 ml of isobutyl alcohol was added to terminate the reaction. Subsequently, 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes in a stream of nitrogen. The polymer solution was poured into 1.5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer, followed by stirring for one night by a magnetic stirrer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter and dried at 80°C for 10 hours under reduced pressure to obtain 5.15 g of an ethylene/1-butene copolymer. As a result of GPC analysis, the number-average molecular weight was 73,000, and Mw/Mn was 1.16 (in terms of polyethylene). As a result of IR analysis, the 1-butene content was 14.5 % by mol.

Example 17

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 200 ml of dry toluene was placed, and 1-butene was passed through the autoclave for 40 minutes at a rate of 100 1/hr. Then, the polymerization temperature was maintained at 25°C, and 5.00 mmol (in terms of aluminum) of methylaluminoxane was added. Subsequently, 0.05 mmol of a catalyst was added, and a mixed gas of ethylene and 1-butene (ethylene: 60 1/hr, 1-butene: 40 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 10 minutes. Then, 20 ml of isobutyl alcohol was added to terminate the reaction. Subsequently, 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes in a stream of nitrogen. The polymer solution was poured into 1.5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer, followed by stirring for one night by a magnetic stirrer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter and dried at 80°C for 10 hours under reduced pressure to obtain 2.38 g of an ethylene/1-butene copolymer. As a result of GPC analysis, the number-average molecular weight was 38,800, and Mw/Mn was 1.18 (in terms of polyethylene) . As a result of IR analysis, the 1-butene content was 11.3 % by mol.

Reference Example 18 (not encompassed by the invention)

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of toluene was placed, and ethylene was fed to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase temporarily. Then, only the gas phase was purged with nitrogen. Thereafter, 2.5 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and then 0.01 mmol of the titanium compound (1) were added to initiate polymerization. After the reaction was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the polymerization. Then, hydrochloric acid and a large amount of methanol was added to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried to obtain 0.800 g of polyethylene (PE). The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polyethylene was 115,000, and Mw/Mn was 1.10. Conversion from the polymer yield showed that ethylene in the system was quantitatively consumed.

Example 19

In Reference Example 18, after the reaction was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes to completely consume ethylene, a propylene gas (30 1/hr) was blown into the system to perform reaction for 20 minutes. Then, feeding of propylene was stopped, followed by further reaction for 280 minutes. Then, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 1.135 g of a polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 136,000, Mw/Mn was 1.15, and the propylene content was 14.6 % by mol.

Example 20

In Reference Example 18, after the reaction of ethylene was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes, an ethylene gas (25 1/hr) and a propylene gas (75 1/hr) were blown into the system to perform reaction for 3 minutes. Then, feeding of the mixed gas was stopped, followed by further reaction for 3 minutes. Then, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 1.700 g of a polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 211,000, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.16, and the propylene content was 6.4 % by mol.

In comparison with the polyethylene prepolymer prepared in Reference Example 18, this polymer was increased in the molecular weight with keeping a narrow molecular weight distribution, and propylene was incorporated into the polymer. From this, it can be seen that a polyethylene-ethylene/propylene diblock copolymer was quantitatively produced. The propylene content in the second block component (ethylene/propylene copolymer portion), as calculated from the molecular weight and the propylene content in the whole polymer, was 14.6 % by mol.

Example 21

In Reference Example 18, after the reaction of ethylene was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes, an ethylene gas (25 1/hr) and a propylene gas (75 1/hr) were blown into the system to perform reaction for 3 minutes. Then, feeding of the mixed gas was stopped, followed by further reaction for 3 minutes. Subsequently, propylene (30 1/hr) was blown into the system for 20 minutes to perform reaction. Then, feeding of propylene was stopped, followed by further reaction for 280 minutes. Then, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 1.814 g of a polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 235,000, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.15, and the propylene content was 14.1 % by mol.

In comparison with the polyethylene-ethylene/propylene diblock copolymer prepolymer prepared in Example 20, this polymer was increased in the molecular weight with keeping a narrow molecular weight distribution, and propylene was incorporated into the polymer. From this, it can be seen that a polyethylene-ethylene/propylene copolymer-polypropylene triblock copolymer was quantitatively produced. The increase of the propylene content agreed with the value calculated on the assumption that the third block component introduced in this example was polypropylene.

Example 22

In Reference Example 18, after the reaction of ethylene was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes, an ethylene gas (25 1/hr) and a propylene gas (75 1/hr) were blown into the system to perform reaction for 3 minutes. Then, feeding of the mixed gas was stopped, followed by further reaction for 3 minutes. Subsequently, an ethylene gas (100 1/hr) was blown into the system to perform reaction for 1 minute. Then, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid, followed by stirring, to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 1.998 g of a polyethylene-ethylene/propylene copolymer-LLDPE block polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 272,000, Mw/Mn was 1.13, and the propylene content was 6.6 % by mol.

In comparison with the polyethylene-ethylene/propylene diblock copolymer prepolymer prepared in Example 20, this polymer was increased in the molecular weight with keeping a narrow molecular weight distribution, and the ethylene content in the polymer was increased. From this, it can be seen that a polyethylene-ethylene/propylene copolymer-LLDPE triblock copolymer was quantitatively produced. The propylene content in the third block component (LLDPE portion), as calculated from the molecular weight and the propylene content in the whole polymer, was 7.3 % by mol.

Example 23

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Reference Example 18, except that the catalytic amount was changed to 0.02 mmol. Thus, 0.800 g of polyethylene (PE) was obtained. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polyethylene was 78,200, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.14.

In this example, after the reaction of ethylene was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes, an ethylene gas (20 1/hr) and a butene gas (80 1/hr) were blown into the system to perform reaction for 3 minutes. Then, feeding of the mixed gas was stopped, followed by further reaction for 3 minutes. Then, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid, followed by stirring, to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 1.416 g of a polyethylene-ethylene/butene copolymer block polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 120,600, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.13, and the butene content in the whole polymer was 1.9 % by mol.

In comparison with the polyethylene prepolymer prepared in Reference Example 18, this polymer was increased in the molecular weight with keeping a narrow molecular weight distribution, and butene was incorporated into the polymer. From this, it can be seen that a polyethylene-ethylene/LLDPE diblock copolymer was quantitatively produced. The butene content in the second block component (LLDPE portion), as calculated from the molecular weight and the butene content in the whole polymer, was 5.6 % by mol.

Example 24

In Reference Example 18, after the reaction of ethylene was conducted at 25°C for 5 minutes, an ethylene gas (20 1/hr) and a butene gas (80 1/hr) were blown into the system to perform reaction for 3 minutes. Then, feeding of the mixed gas was stopped, followed by further reaction for 3 minutes. Subsequently, an ethylene gas (100 1/hr) was blown into the system to perform reaction for 1 minute. Then, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid, followed by stirring, to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 10 hours to obtain 1.921 g of a polyethylene-LLDPE-HDPE block polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 141,400, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.14, and the butene content in the whole polymer was 2.0 % by mol.

In comparison with the polyethylene-LLDPE diblock copolymer prepolymer prepared in Example 23, this polymer was increased in the molecular weight with keeping a narrow molecular weight distribution, and the ethylene content in the polymer was changed. From this, it can be seen that a polyethylene-LLDPE-HDPE triblock copolymer was quantitatively produced. The butene content in the third block component (HDPE portion), as calculated from the molecular weight and the butene content in the whole polymer, was 2.6 % by mol.

Example 25

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of toluene was placed, and propylene was fed at 25°C to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. Thereafter, 2.5 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and then 0.01 mmol of the titanium compound (1) were added to initiate polymerization. After the reaction was conducted at 25°C for 180 minutes, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the polymerization. Then, the reaction product was added to methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid, followed by stirring, to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 130°C for 8 hours to obtain 0.100 g of polypropylene. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 17,200, and Mw/Mn was 1.15.

Example 26

In Example 25, after the reaction of propylene was conducted for 180 minutes, an ethylene gas (20 1/hr) was blown into the system to perform reaction for 3 minutes, and a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the reaction. Then, the reaction product was introduced into 1 liter of methanol containing a small amount of hydrochloric acid, followed by stirring, to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, washed with methanol and vacuum dried to obtain 0.481 g of a polypropylene-ethylene/propylene copolymer block polymer. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, in terms of PP) of the resulting polymer was 99,000, Mw/Mn was 1.06, and the ethylene content was 70.9 % by mol.

In comparison with the polyethylene prepolymer prepared in Reference Example 18, this polymer was increased in the molecular weight with keeping a narrow molecular weight distribution, and ethylene was incorporated into the polymer. From this, it can be seen that a polypropylene-ethylene/propylene diblock copolymer was quantitatively produced. The ethylene content in the second block component (ethylene/propylene copolymer portion), as calculated from the molecular weight and the propylene content in the whole polymer, was 18.4 % by mol.

Example 27

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of dry toluene was placed, and propylene was passed through the autoclave for 20 minutes at a rate of 100 1/hr. Then, the polymerization temperature was maintained at 25°C, and 5.00 mmol (in terms of aluminum) of methylaluminoxane was added. Subsequently, 0.05 mmol of the titanium compound (1) was added, and a mixed gas of ethylene and propylene (ethylene: 35 1/hr, propylene: 65 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 3 minutes and 20 seconds. Then, 20 ml of isobutyl alcohol was added to terminate the reaction. Subsequently, 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes in a stream of nitrogen. The polymer solution was poured into 1.5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer, followed by stirring for one night by a magnetic stirrer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter and dried at 80°C for 10 hours under reduced pressure to obtain 1.19 g of an ethylene/propylene copolymer. As a result of GPC analysis, Mn was 25,100, and Mw/Mn was 1.07. As a result of IR analysis, the propylene content was 24.4 % by mol.

Example 28

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of dry toluene was placed, and propylene was passed through the autoclave for 20 minutes at a rate of 100 1/hr. Then, the polymerization temperature was maintained at 25°C, and 5.00 mmol (in terms of aluminum) of methylaluminoxane was added. Subsequently, 0.05 mmol of the titanium compound (1) was added, and a mixed gas of ethylene and propylene (ethylene: 35 1/hr, propylene: 65 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 3 minutes and 20 seconds. Then, a mixed gas of ethylene and propylene having different composition (ethylene: 60 1/hr, propylene: 40 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 1 minute and 50 seconds. Thereafter, 20 ml of isobutyl alcohol was added to terminate the reaction. Subsequently, 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes in a stream of nitrogen. The polymer solution was poured into 1.5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer, followed by stirring for one night by a magnetic stirrer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter and dried at 80°C for 10 hours under reduced pressure to obtain 2.29 g of an A-B diblock copolymer. As a result of GPC analysis, the number-average molecular weight was 40,600, and Mw/Mn was 1.09. As a result of IR analysis, the propylene content was 23.1 % by mol.

Example 29

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of dry toluene was placed, and propylene was passed through the autoclave for 20 minutes at a rate of 100 1/hr. Then, the polymerization temperature was maintained at 25°C, and 5.00 mmol (in terms of aluminum) of methylaluminoxane was added. Subsequently, 0.05 mmol of the titanium compound (1) was added, and a mixed gas of ethylene and propylene (ethylene: 35 1/hr, propylene: 65 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 3 minutes and 20 seconds. Then, a mixed gas of ethylene and propylene having different composition (ethylene: 60 1/hr, propylene: 40 1/hr) was passed through, followed by stirring for 1 minute and 50 seconds. Then, an ethylene gas was passed through at a rate of 100 1/hr, followed by stirring for 1 minute and 10 seconds. Thereafter, 20 ml of isobutyl alcohol was added to terminate the reaction. Subsequently, 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, followed by stirring for 30 minutes in a stream of nitrogen. The polymer solution was poured into 1.5 liters of methanol to precipitate a polymer, followed by stirring for one night by a magnetic stirrer. The polymer was filtered over a glass filter and dried at 80°C for 10 hours under reduced pressure to obtain 3.79 g of an A-B-C triblock copolymer. As a result of GPC analysis, the number-average molecular weight was 59,000, and Mw/Mn was 1.11. As a result of IR analysis, the propylene content was 19.5 % by mol.

Comparative Example 1

In a 500 ml glass autoclave thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 250 ml of toluene was placed, and ethylene was fed to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. Thereafter, 1.25 mmol (in terms of aluminum atom) of methylaluminoxane and then 0.0005 mmol of zirconocene dichloride were added to initiate polymerization. After the reaction was conducted at 25°C for 0.5 minute in an ethylene gas atmosphere at ordinary pressure, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the polymerization. After the polymerization was completed, to the reaction product were added a small amount of hydrochloric acid and a large amount of methanol to precipitate the whole polymer, followed by filtration over a glass filter. The polymer was vacuum dried at 80°C for 10 hours to obtain 0.229 g of polyethylene (PE). The polymerization activity was 55.0 kg based on 1 mmol of zirconium. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting PE was 114,000, and Mw/Mn was 1.99.

Comparative Example 2

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the polymerization time was changed to 1 minute. Thus, 0.433 g of polyethylene (PE) was obtained. The polymerization activity was 52.0 kg based on 1 mmol of zirconium. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting PE was 136,000, and Mw/Mn was 2.26.

Comparative Example 3

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that 0.00025 mmol of the titanium compound (9) was used instead of the zirconium compound and the polymerization time was changed to 1 minute. Thus, 0.253 g of polyethylene (PE) was obtained. The polymerization activity was 60.7 kg based on 1 mmol of titanium. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the resulting PE were 184,000 and 370,000, respectively, and Mw/Mn was 2.01.

Comparative Example 4

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that 0.0005 mmol of the titanium compound (10) was used instead of the zirconium compound and the polymerization time was changed to 1 minute. Thus, 0.267 g of polyethylene (PE) was obtained. The polymerization activity was 32.0 kg based on 1 mmol of titanium. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the resulting PE were 129,000 and 229,000, respectively, and Mw/Mn was 1.78.

Comparative Example 5

In a 100 ml reactor thoroughly purged with nitrogen, 50 ml of toluene was placed. The system was cooled to 0°C, and ethylene was fed to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. Thereafter, 0.0125 mmol of dimethylaniliniumtetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and then 0.0125 mmol of the hafnium compound (11) were added to initiate polymerization. After the reaction was conducted at 0°C for 1 minute in an ethylene atmosphere at ordinary pressure, a small amount of methanol was added to terminate the polymerization. The reaction product was introduced into a large amount of methanol to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered, then washed with methanol and vacuum dried at 80°C for 10 hours to obtain 0.290 g of polyethylene (PE). The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting PE was 132,400, and Mw/Mn was 1.85.

Comparative Example 6

Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5, except that the amount of the hafnium compound (11) and the amount of the dimethylaniliniumtetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate were each changed to 0.005 mmol and the polymerization temperature was changed to 50°C. Thus, 0.148 g of polyethylene (PE) was obtained. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the resulting PE was 98,800, and Mw/Mn was 1.91.

Calculation example of complex structure parameters

H^β-Z Distance (r(H^β-Z)) and electrostatic interaction energy (ES_ρ(H_β-Z) of each catalyst

Compound

(1)

(4)

(5)

(8)

(9)

(10)

r(H^β-Z) (Å)

2.275

2.329

2.234

2.498

2.246

4.812

ES_ρ (H^β-Z)

-37.1

-41.1

-42.9

-33.1

-12.0

-10.2

(KJ/mol)